Sowing

About: Sowing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 33888 publications have been published within this topic receiving 273438 citations. The topic is also known as: seeding.

Crop residue position and interference with wheat seedling development

Abstract: Unweathered crop residues can produce growth-inhibiting substances, stimulate pathogen growth, and immobilize nutrients. The location of seed relative to residue may be an important factor in the early health of a crop. This greenhouse study simulated sowing conditions possible under annual dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production to evaluate the likelihood of inhibitory effects. We placed newly harvested, unweathered winter wheat residue on the soil surface, mixed with the seed, immediately above the seed, or 3 cm below the seed. Treatments using a plastic residue substitute and treatments using pasteurized soil and residue provided comparisons to the natural soil and wheat residue. Residue mixed with or placed above the seed caused a temporary delay in emergence. Since this occurred with both wheat and plastic residue, the delay is explained by the physical impedance of coleoptile growth. Wheat residue 3 cm below the seed reduced the height and rate of wheat plant development, indicating a biological inhibitory effect of the wheat residue. This reduction in height and development rate at 20 days after planting did not occur when the soil and residue were pasteurized. We conclude that winter wheat seedling growth can be inhibited if roots encounter unweathered residues.

Effect of soil contaminated by diesel oil on the germination of seeds and the growth of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) Seedlings

Abstract: The effect of soil polluted by diesel oil on the germination of seeds and the growth of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi seedlings was analyzed at different times after contamination of the soil. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, with four treatments and five repetitions. The four treatments included: soil contaminated 30 (T30), 90 (T90) or 180 (T180) days before planting as well as a non-polluted soil (T0) (control). Soil saturated to 50% of its maximum retention capacity (MRC) was contaminated with diesel oil at a rate of 92.4 mL per kg. The germination rate and germination speed index (GSI) were significantly affected only in T30. The development of the plants was affected significantly in all the treatments, with reductions of biomass and eophyll area. It could be concluded that diesel oil significantly affected the germination, GSI and seedling growth of S. terebinthifolius, but the toxic effect decreased over the time. Key words : Aroeira, biomass production, eophyll, residual contamination

Yield, Oil Content, and Composition of Sunflower Grown at Multiple Locations in Mississippi

Abstract: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is not a common crop in Mississippi and southeastern United States. There is potential for sunflower (for production of cooking oil or biodiesel) to fit into traditional cropping systems of Mississippi and to improve economic sustainability of agriculture in the region. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of N (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg ha -1 ), hybrid (DKF3875, DKF2990, DKF3510, and DKF3901), and their interaction on seed yield, oil content, and oil composition of sunflower grown at five locations in Mississippi (Newton, Starkville, Stoneville, and two locations in Verona). Oleic acid concentration in the original planting seed oil was 29% (DKF3875), 26% (DKF2990), 85% (DKF3510), and 41% (DKF3901). In Stoneville, Newton, and Verona 2, DKF3510 had the highest seed yields. DKF2990 had lower yields in Stoneville and in Verona 2. Seed oil concentration was higher in DKF3875 and DKF2990 (43-47%) and lower in DKF3510 and DKF3901 (40-44%) at Stoneville and Verona 2. At Newton however, oil concentration was highest in DKF2990, lower in DKF3510 and DKF3901 and lowest in DKF3875. Overall, increasing N rates reduced seed oil concentration but increased seed yields and subsequently oil yield per area. Relative to the concentration in the original seed used for planting, oleic acid generally increased in all locations and hybrids. There was a corresponding decrease in the concentration oflinoleic acid. Oil yields varied between 483 and 1388 L ha -1 and calculated biodiesel oil per area varied from 386 to 1110 L ha -1 with the different N treatments and locations. Sunflower can be a viable crop in most parts of Mississippi for production of cooking oil or biodiesel.

Corn competition alters the germinability of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seeds

Abstract: Velvetleaf is a troublesome annual weed in many cropping systems of the United States and Canada. Differences in the growing environment of parent plants can influence the number, structure, germinability, and viability of seeds produced. Thus, the effects across a range of competitive environments and corn planting dates on velvetleaf seed production, germination, and seed coat weight were examined under field conditions. Seed production of velvetleaf increased with increasing biomass. Total velvetleaf reproductive output was reduced in competition with corn compared with monoculture stands. Corn planting date had no effect on the dormancy status of seeds, but increased competition from corn resulted in up to a 30% decrease in the proportion of seeds that were dormant. Seed and seed coat weights also decreased for plants of velvetleaf grown in competition with corn compared with those grown in monoculture. These findings suggest that velvetleaf plants growing in relatively noncompetitive environ...

Deer mouse preference for seed of commonly planted species, indigenous weed seed, and sacrifice foods.

Abstract: Highlight: Captive deer mice from pinyon-juniper, sagebrushbitterbrush, and Jeffrey pine-ceanothus plant associations were fed a variety of shrub, grass, forb, and tree seeds. Mice ate or destroyed an amount of seed equal to approximately one-third their body weight daily. Seed of bitterbrush, singleleaf pinyon, balsamroot, and small burnet were the most preferred food items tested while seed of Utah juniper, smooth brome, fourwing saltbush, and big saltbush were least preferred. Planting valuable forage species whose seeds are not preferred by deer mice would appear to improve seeding success on sites where seed predation by deer mice is a problem.