Sowing

About: Sowing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 33888 publications have been published within this topic receiving 273438 citations. The topic is also known as: seeding.

Extração, embebição e germinação de sementes de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum)

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the extraction and imbibition period on the germination of tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer, Arecaceae) seeds. After cleaning and drying the pyrenes, the endocarp was broken and removed to liberate the seeds that, before sowing, were soaked in water for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days. The germination was superior to 58%, confirming the possibility of extracting the endocarp without damaging the viability of the seeds. The seeds submitted to nine days of soaking, had a moisture content of 30%, obtained better germination (70%) and index of germination velocity, with mean time of germination of 104 days. The removal of the endocarp and the soaking of seeds accelerated and increased the germination.

Primordium initiation at the shoot apex in four contrasting varieties of spring wheat in response to sowing date

Abstract: The spring wheat varieties Kolibri, a typical north temperate variety, Pitic 62, a Mexican variety known to respond to vernalization and two selections from the Institute's breeding programme TW 161 and TJB 155 were sown early (2–5 March), during the normal sowing period (27 March) and late (17 April). Primordium initiation was observed until the time of terminal spikelet initiation and the number of leaves and the number of spikelets were analysed in terms of rate and duration of leaf and spikelet primordium initiation. The rate of leaf initiation was affected by time of sowing but not in a systematic way and there were differences between varieties in the way in which the number of leaves changed in response to sowing time. The rate of spikelet initiation increased and the duration decreased with later sowing. There were strong variety × time of sowing interactions. For almost all characters measured, Pitic 62 responded least to time of sowing. Varieties differed in the way in which the number of spikelets per ear responded to time of sowing but in all cases the changes were only small. This waa because the change in the rate of spikelet initiation was almost exactly compensated for by a change in the duration of spikelet initiation. In each variety, the period from terminal spikelet initiation to ear emergence was similar in all sowing treatments and was of similar duration in the main shoot and in the ear-bearing tillers.The number of leaves per shoot on the tillers was less than the number of leaves on the main shoot and the rate of spikelet primordium initiation of the tillers was faster than in the main shoot. These changes tended to synchronize the time of terminal spikelet initiation. Because of the changes in the number of leaves per shoot and the rate of spikelet initiation the number of spikelets borne on the main shoot and the tillers were similar although the growth period of the tillers was shorter than that of the main shoot.

Soybean agronomic response to management systems in the Upper Midwest

Abstract: There has been a rapid increase of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in cropping systems in Wisconsin. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of five management systems on agronomic traits for three soybean cultivars grown at two different planting dates. An older cultivar (Hardin) and two newer cultivars (DeKalb CX232 and Spansoy 250) were grown in five management systems between 1997 and 2000. Four management systems were located on a silt loam soil and consisted of conventional and no-tillage systems with and without irrigation. The fifth management system was located on a sandy loam soil that was irrigated. A planting date x cultivar interaction was observed on the silt loam soil where CX232 yielded 7% greater for the early planting date (4.37 Mg ha -1 ) than for the late planting date, but no planting date effect was observed for Hardin and Spansoy 250. Over all cultivars, yield was 4% greater for early planting on the silt loam soil. Grain yield and other agronomic traits were not influenced by cultivar and planting date on the sandy loam soil. Tillage and irrigation did not affect grain yield or most of the other agronomic traits. Regression of cultivar means on management system indicated an equal stability for yield among the cultivars tested with Hardin tending to be the most stable. It was concluded that soybean cultivar decisions in the Upper Midwest should be based on selecting the highest yielding cultivars adapted to a particular geographic region and location regardless of management system.

Does exogenous application of glycinebetaine as a pre-sowing seed treatment improve growth and regulate some key physiological attributes in wheat plants grown under water deficit conditions?

Abstract: The ameliorative effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with glycinebetaine (GB) on growth attributes, gas exchange characteristics, and root and shoot mineral nutrients of wheat was observed under water deficit conditions Five wheat cultivars viz, SARC-I, Inqlab-91, MH-97, Bhakkar and S-24 were grown under well-watered and 60% field capacity Three levels of GB (0, 50 and 100 mM) were applied as pre-sowing seed treatment Drought stress caused reduction in shoot fresh and dry biomass, shoot length, leaf area per plant, grain yield, net CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates, and stomatal conditions However, exogenous application of GB as a pre-sowing seed treatment increased shoot fresh biomass and leaf area per plant while its effect was non-significant on net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency, and shoot and root N, K + , Ca 2+ and P Overall, GB applied @ 50 mM showed the maximum effect in ameliorating growth of wheat plants under drought stress Cultivars SARC-I, Inqlab-91 and S-24 were better as compared to others in their response to drought or GB application