Sowing

About: Sowing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 33888 publications have been published within this topic receiving 273438 citations. The topic is also known as: seeding.

Cover crops and herbicide timing management on soybean yield under no-tillage system

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cover crops and timing of pre-emergence herbicide applications on soybean yield under no-tillage system. The experiment consisted of four cover crops (Panicum maximum, Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet) and fallow, in addition to four herbicide timings (30, 20, 10, and 0 days before soybean sowing), under no-tillage system (NTS), and of two control treatments under conventional tillage system (CTS). The experimental design was a completely randomized block, in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Soybean under fallow, P. maximum, U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet in the NTS and soybean under U. brizantha in the CTS did not differ significantly regarding yield. Soybean under fallow in the CTS significantly reduced yield when compared to the other treatments. The amount of straw on soil surface did not significantly affect soybean yield. Chemical management of P. maximum and U. brizantha near the soybean sowing date causes significant damage in soybean yield. However, herbicide timing in fallow, U. ruziziensis, and pearl millet does not affect soybean yield.

Germination, seedling emergence and establishment of some Plantago species under laboratory and field conditions.

Abstract: SUMMARY (a) The germination of Plantago lanceolata L., P. coronopus L., P. major L. ssp.major, P. major L. ssp. pleiosperma Pilger, P. media L., and P. maritima L. in relation to the age of dry-stored seeds was investigated under laboratory conditions. In general, higher percentages of radicle emergence were found with two- to five-year-old seed than with fresh seed. Only P. lanceolata and P. media seeds germinated in complete darkness. A feature of interest was the high germination of both subspecies of P. major in so-called green safelight. (b) The germination and early establishment were tested on various microsites, obtained with glass beads of various sizes. At increasing particle size, an increase in radicle emergence was found for large seeds (P. lanceolata and P. media). Root penetration of the surface occurred sooner on substrates of large particles than on those of small ones. The effects of size of the glass beads on germination and penetration were less in species with small seeds than in species with large seeds. (c) Sowing tests in the field resulted in relatively high numbers of established P. lanceolata and P. coronopus seedlings in open and dry habitats. P. lanceolata seedlings were able to establish themselves in tall dense vegetation layers. P. major ssp. major occurred most frequently on moist and open sites with a compact soil. On trodden paths P. major and P. coronopus seedlings showed opposite mortality curves.

Redvine (Brunnichia ovata) germination and emergence.

Abstract: Optimum temperature for germination and emergence of redvine seed in either petri dishes or soil was 35 C. Reductions in germination and emergence occurred at constant temperatures above or below this temperature. No germination or emergence occurred at temperatures above 40 or below 25 C. Germination in petri dishes first occurred on day 8, and emergence was first observed 12 days after planting in a soil medium. Maximum redvine seedling emergence of 74% occurred in soil when seed were planted 0.5 cm deep, with decreases in emergence noted at depths below 5 cm. No emergence occurred over the 35-day period evaluated when redvine seed were planted on the soil surface or at a depth of 10 cm in soil. Redvine germination was not affected by solution pH, whereas germination did not occur when osmotic stress of as little as -200 kPa was applied to seed. Nomenclature: Redvine, Brunnichia ovata (Walt.) Shinners #3 BRVCI. Additional index words. Temperature, planting depth, pH, moisture stress, BRVCI.

Priming Effect of Rice Seeds on Seedling Establishment under Adverse Soil Conditions

Abstract: An experiment was carried out to find out the priming effects of rice seeds, Oryza sativa L. (cv. Ilpumbyeo) on. the seedling establishment and early emergence under excess soil moisture conditions. Seeds were primed by soaking in -0.6 MPa polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution at 25~circC for 4 days. The primed seeds were sown in soils with various soil moistures (60, 80, 100, 120, and 140% field capacity) at 17 and 25~circC , respectively. Germination and emergence rates, plumule height, and radicle length of primed seeds were higher than those of untreated seeds at any soil moisture and temperature examined. The time from planting to 50% germination (T50 ) of primed seeds was less than that of untreated seeds by 0.9～3.7 days. Germination rate, emergence rate, plumule height, and radicle length were highest at the soil moisture of 80% field capacity among the soil moistures. Priming effects of rice seeds on germination and emergence rates were more prominent under the unfavorable soil moistures (60, 100, 120, and 140% field capacity) than those under the optimum soil moisture condition (80% field capacity). However, priming effects on seedling growth were greater at near optimum soil moisture compared with too lower or higher soil moistures. Therefore, these findings suggest that priming of rice seeds may be a useful way for better seedling establishment under the adverse soil conditions.