Sowing

About: Sowing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 33888 publications have been published within this topic receiving 273438 citations. The topic is also known as: seeding.

Determinate- and indeterminate-type soybean cultivar responses to pattern, density, and planting date

Abstract: Narrowrow compared to conventional wide-row plantings have consistently produced higher seed yields in the Northern USA, where early maturity groups (MG) and indeterminate (INDT) types are commonly used. Node and pod numbers leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), total biomass, and seed yields were significantly increased (per unit land area) with increasing plant population density (PPD) up to a certain PPD, depending on spatial arrangement.We conclude that seed yield of both DT and INDT soybean in subtropical latitudes is optimized by May seeding, high PPD (40 plants m -2 ), and use of square planting patterns as approximated by narrow-row culture

A no-tillage tomato production system using hairy vetch and subterranean clover mulches

Abstract: A novel approach is described for using two winter annual legumes - hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth.) and 'Mt. Barker' subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) - as cover crops and plant mulches in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production. The approach calls for sowing the cover crops in the fall in prepared beds, mowing the cover crops with a high-speed flail mower immediately before transplanting the tomato seedlings into the field in early May, and then transplanting the seedlings into the beds with minimal interruption of the soil or mulch cover. Plants in the vetch treatment with no tillage produced a higher yield than those grown under black polyethylene, paper, or no mulch in conventional systems. Both plant mulches delayed fruit maturity by approximately 10 days relative to black polyethylene mulch. The proposed approach eliminates tillage, reduces the need for applying synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, and is adapted to large- and small-scale tomato production in a low-input, no-tillage system. It also may be used to produce other vegetables

The role of seed banks in vegetation dynamics and restoration of dry tropical ecosystems

Abstract: This paper reviews studies on seed banks in tropical dry vegetation and, for comparison, some wet tropical and dry subtropical vegetation. A first general conclusion is that tropi- cal seed banks are smaller than those in temperate ecosystems. Many studies are devoted to only one species, among which are several Acacia species, both tropical and subtropical, some of which reach densities in the seed bank of up to 10 000 seeds/ m2. The lesser importance of the seed bank strategy in tropical species may be related to higher risks of seed loss through higher mortality (fire, predation, pathogens etc.), or to inter- mittent germination occasions in relation to ephemeral favour- able conditions (e.g. rains during the dry season). Regarding vegetation dynamics, the importance of seed banks and regen- eration from seeds is most pronounced in larger forest gaps. Examples are discussed of rapid succession to forest of savan- nas after protection from fire, which is partly due to regenera- tion from the seed bank. The significance of seed banks in vegetation restoration projects is outlined and the need for additional sowing of seeds of important species underlined.

Integrated management of fusarium wilt of chickpea with sowing date, host resistance, and biological control.

Abstract: Landa, B B, Navas-Cortes, J A, and Jimenez-Diaz, R M 2004 Integrated management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea with sowing date, host resistance, and biological control Phytopathology 94:946-960 A 3-year experiment was conducted in field microplots infested with Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceris race 5 at Cordoba, Spain, in order to assess efficacy of an integrated management strategy for Fusarium wilt of chickpea that combined the choice of sowing date, use of partially resistant chickpea genotypes, and seed and soil treatments with biocontrol agents Bacillus megaterium RGAF 51, B subtilis GB03, nonpathogenic F oxysporum Fo 90105, and Pseudomonas fluorescens RG 26 Advancing the sowing date from early spring to winter significantly delayed disease onset, reduced the final disease intensity (amount of disease in a microplot that combines disease incidence and severity, expressed as a percentage of the maximum possible amount of disease in that microplot), and increased chickpea seed yield A significant linear relationship was found between disease development over time and weather variables at the experimental site, with epidemics developing earlier and faster as mean temperature increased and accumulated rainfall decreased Under conditions highly conducive for Fusarium wilt development, the degree of disease control depended primarily on choice of sowing date, and to a lesser extent on level of resistance of chickpea genotypes to F oxysporum f sp ciceris race 5, and the biocontrol treatments The main effects of sowing date, partially resistant genotypes, and biocontrol agents were a reduction in the rate of epidemic development over time, a reduction of disease intensity, and an increase in chickpea seedling emergence, respectively Chickpea seed yield was influenced by all three factors in the study The increase in chickpea seed yield was the most consistent effect of the biocontrol agents However, that effect was primarily influenced by sowing date, which also determined disease development Effectiveness of biocontrol treatments in disease management was lowest in January sowings, which were least favorable for Fusarium wilt Sowing in February, which was moderately favorable for wilt development, resulted in the greatest increase in seed yield by the biocontrol agents In March sowings, which were most conducive for the disease, the biocontrol agents delayed disease onset and increased seedling emergence B subtilis GB03 and P fluorescens RG 26, applied either alone or each in combination with nonpathogenic F oxysporum Fo 90105, were the most effective treatments at suppressing Fusarium wilt, or delaying disease onset and increasing seed yield, respectively The importance of integrating existing control practices, partially effective by themselves, with other control measures to achieve appropriate management of Fusarium wilt and increase of seed yield in chickpea in Mediterranean-type environments is demonstrated by the results of this study