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Sowing

About: Sowing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 33888 publications have been published within this topic receiving 273438 citations. The topic is also known as: seeding.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Prospects for cork oak recruitment were examined in a scrub-dominated area with low tree density in southern Spain by sowing acorns experimentally in a variety of sites, and single acorns buried under open or dense scrub experienced the lowest predation and had relatively high emergence rates.

100 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wheat was assessed at four crop growth stages for take-all in a series of field trials that studied the effects of five wheat management practices: sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer dose and form, and removal/burial of cereal straw.
Abstract: Wheat was assessed at four crop growth stages for take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) in a series of field trials that studied the effects of five wheat management practices: sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer dose and form, and removal/burial of cereal straw. An equation expressing disease level as a function of degree days was fitted to the observed disease levels. This equation was based on take-all epidemiology and depended on two parameters reflecting the importance of the primary and secondary infection cycles, respectively. Early sowing always increased disease frequency via primary infection cycle; its influence on the secondary cycle was variable. Primary infection and earliness of disease onset were increased by high density; however, at mid-season take-all was positively correlated to the root number per plant, which was itself negatively correlated to plant density. At late stages of development, neither plant density nor root number per plant had any influenc...

99 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the negative effect of mycorrhizal colonization on Striga germination and on subsequent attachment and emergence is mediated through the production of signaling molecules (strigolactones) for AM fungi and parasitic plants.
Abstract: TWO SORGHUM CULTIVARS: the Striga-tolerant S-35 and the Striga-sensitive CK60-B were grown with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and with or without phosphorus addition. At 24 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) of sorghum, root exudates were collected and tested for effects on germination of preconditioned Striga hermonthica seeds. Root exudates from AM sorghum plants induced lower germination of S. hermonthica seeds than exudates from non-mycorrhizal sorghum. The magnitude of this effect depended on the cultivar and harvest time. A significantly (88-97%) lower germination of S. hermonthica seeds upon exposure to root exudates from AM S-35 plants was observed at both harvest times whereas for AM inoculated CK60-B plants a significantly (41%) lower germination was observed only at 45 DAS. The number of S. hermonthica seedlings attached to and emerged on both sorghum cultivars were also lower in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants. Again, this reduction was more pronounced with S-35 than with CK60-B plants. There was no effect of phosphorus addition on Striga seed germination, attachment or emergence. We hypothesize that the negative effect of mycorrhizal colonization on Striga germination and on subsequent attachment and emergence is mediated through the production of signaling molecules (strigolactones) for AM fungi and parasitic plants.

99 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was a high incidence of a fungus endophyte in most of the perennial ryegrass pastures and seed lines examined and field observations showed that whenendophyte-free seed was sown, a set of mown plots and a grazed pasture were still free of endophytes 4 years after establishment.
Abstract: There was a high incidence of a fungus endophyte in most of the perennial ryegrass pastures and seed lines examined. The fungus was still viable in seed which had been stored at 0–5°C for 7 years. The main means of endophyte dissemination appear to be the sowing of infected seed and the re-seeding of infected plants in pastures. Field observations showed that when endophyte-free seed was sown, a set of mown plots and a grazed pasture were still free of endophyte 4 years after establishment. Endophyte-free seedlings were obtained by treating infected seeds with the fungicides propiconazole or prochloraz at 0.5 g/kg of seed. The fungus was eradicated from infected plants growing in pots by drenching the soil with a suspension of benomyl at 0.1 g per litre of growing medium.

99 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Species introduction through hay transfer and sowing led to a permanently higher abundance ofgrassland species and a lower coverage of ruderals compared with spontaneously developed sites, highlighting the importance of initial ORistic composition and the order of species arrivals for long-termvegetation development.
Abstract: Summary1. Highly disturbed areas such as surface-mined land provide a great challenge for ecologicalrestoration. The goal is to identify appropriate restoration approaches in a continuum betweentechnical reclamation and spontaneous succession. In particular, on slopes endangered by erosion,appropriate methods are needed that quickly establish vegetation cover but also take into accountthenaturalpotentialsofthesite.2. IntheminedareaRosbach(Saxony-Anhalt,Germany),weevaluatedtheeffectsofspontaneoussuccessionandassistedsiterecovery(speciesintroductionthroughhaytransferandsowing)duringa 9-year experiment. We asked how rates and pathways of vegetation development differ betweentreatmentsandwhetherspeciescompositionconvergesovertimeowingtospeciesexchange.3. The application of green hay as well as the sowing of regional seed mixtures clearly acceleratedvegetation development and led to the rapid establishment of species-rich grasslands. Hay transferwas mostsuccessful owingtothe highamount of transferabletargetspecies.Moreover,bothtreat-mentsfacilitatedtheestablishmentofcryptogamsandprovidedeffectiveerosioncontrol.Also,haytransfer and sowing clearly affected the pathway of succession. Calamagrostis epigejos migratedfrom nearby source populations and became increasingly dominant at sites with spontaneous suc-cession. In contrast, the species-rich grasslands established after hay transfer and sowing werehighlyresistanttoinvasionofCalamagrostisandotherruderals.4. Speciesexchangebetween treatmentsled toincreasingsimilarityinvegetation composition overtime. Nine yearsafter implementation of theexperiment, wedid not findany significantdifferencesbetween treatments in terms of total vegetation cover, species richness and the number of targetspecies. However, the dominance ratio between target and nontarget species differed significantly.Species introduction through hay transfer and sowing led to a permanently higher abundance ofgrassland species and a lower coverage of ruderals compared with spontaneously developed sites.Hence, our results highlight the importance of initial floristic composition and the order of speciesarrivalsforlong-termvegetationdevelopment.5. Synthesis and applications. Hay transfer and sowing of regional seed mixtures are appropriaterestoration tools to achieve rapid revegetation when no potential seed sources of target species areavailable nearby or there are undesirable species that need to be suppressed. Our results show thatintroducedgrasslandspeciesareabletogrowunderpostminingsiteconditionsandcanmigrateintoadjacent spontaneously developing sites. A combination of spontaneous and assisted site recoverycanpromotethedevelopmentofspecies-richgrasslandsinpostmininglandscapes.Key-words: biodiversity, Calamagrostis epigejos, ecological restoration, erosion control,grasslands, hay transfer, mulch seeding, species introduction, successionIntroduction

99 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20232,551
20225,773
2021919
20201,657
20192,181