Sowing

About: Sowing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 33888 publications have been published within this topic receiving 273438 citations. The topic is also known as: seeding.

Response of canola and Indian mustard to sowing date in the grain belt of north-eastern Australia

Abstract: Sowing date is an important determinant of yield in canola. The arrival at an optimum sowing time will depend on trade-offs between lowered frost risk with delayed sowing and lowered yield potential. A comprehensive analysis of response to sowing date has not been conducted for northern environments, a new region for canola production. The aim of this study was to analyse the response of phenology, yield and oil content of current cultivars of canola to sowing date (April–September) in north-eastern Australia, using 17 sowings from Tamworth (31.09°S) to Lawes (27.55°S). Three cultivars were studied: an early and late flowering canola and an advanced breeding line of Indian mustard. For all 3 genotypes, a delay in sowing shortened the time to 50% flowering and to maturity, while differences among the genotypes in time to flowering for sowing dates around 15 May reflected their known differences in phenological development. For sowings at Tamworth beyond 15 May, a 1 day delay in sowing delayed flowering by 0.42, 0.42 and 0.37 days in Indian mustard, Monty and Oscar, respectively. Delay in maturity was 0.58, 0.56 and 0.54 days per day delay in sowing date. Yield and oil content penalties due to delayed sowing were similar to those found previously in other Australian environments. The decline of grain yield with delay in sowing date could be largely explained by the decline in biomass at maturity, while for oil content it could be related positively to harvest index and seed size, and negatively to temperature conditions post-anthesis. Indian mustard had a lower harvest index, grain yield and oil content than both canola cultivars. Oil content exceeded 40% in canola in half of the sowings. Information on the response of oilseed Brassicas to sowing date can be used to quantify the trade-offs between frost risk and crop productivity with sowing date for different cultivar types.

Effect of Intercropping and Crop Arrangement on Yield and Productivity of Late Season Maize/soybean Mixtures in the Humid Environment of South Southern Nigeria

Abstract: Field experiments were carried out between September and December in 2007 and 2008 at Akamkpa (150 15'' N; 80 22'' E), Nigeria. The objective was to investigate yield and productivity of maize and soybean as sole crops and as additive mixtures (100:100) in response to five levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha) and five crop arrangements (sole maize at 53,333 plants/ha, sole soybean at 266,666 plants/ha and maize: soybean intercrop arrangements of 1:1, 2:2 and 1:2). The trial was a split-plot design in a randomized complete block with nitrogen in main plot and crop arrangement in sub-plot, with three replications. Intercropping had no significant effect on grain yield of maize in 2007. In 2008, maize grain yield grain yield reduction in mixture was 6 percent compared to sole cropping. Soybean seed yield reduction in mixture was 32 and 43 percents in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Crop arrangement significantly influenced yield components and yield in both maize and soybean. Planting maize and soybean in 1:1, 2:2 or 1:2 arrangement had no significant effect on maize in 2007 but depressed grain yield of maize by 38, 35 and 14 percents in 2008. Spatial arrangement of maize and soybean in 1:1, 2:2, and 1:2 depressed soybean yield by 51, 44 and 45 percents in 2007 and by 86, 64 and 73 percents in 2008. Intercropping reduced the relative maize grain yield by only 1 percent in 2007 and from 4 to 9 percents in 2008. Soybean relative yields were from 31 to 34 percent lower than sole crop yield in 2007 and 39 to 46 percent lower in 2008. The relative yield totals for both 2007 and 2008 were well above unity, an indication that the system was highly productive. This implies that intercrops were 64, 66 and 63 percents in 2007 and 43, 57 and 65 percents in 2008, more productive than the sole crops at 2:2, 1:2 and 1:1 arrangements, respectively. Late season maize and soybean may be planted in 2:2 or 1:2 arrangements to take advantage of optimum soybean seed yield and 65-100 percents of the maize grain yield in the humid South Southern Nigeria.

Performance of Sweet and Forage Sorghum Grown Continuously, Double-Cropped with Winter Rye, or in Rotation with Soybean and Maize

Abstract: Double-cropping sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with winter rye (Secale cereale L.) could increase annual dry matter production in the North-Central region of the USA and reduce soil erosion and other environmental concerns. We conducted this study to compare yield, chemical composition, erosion potential, and economics of sorghum grown continuously (sole crop), in a 3-yr rotation with maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], or double-cropped with winter rye (rye-sorghum). The experiment was on a Typic Calciaquoll soil in central Iowa with a slope of less than 1and on mixed Vertic Argiaquoll, Typic Hapludoll, and Aquertic Argiudoll soils in southern Iowa with 2 to 7% slope. Applied N moderately affected sole-cropped sorghum, with yields of 13.5, 16.1, 16.9, and 15.9 t ha -1 when fertilized with 0, 70, 140, and 280 kg ha ' N, respectively, Rye-sorghum was highly responsive to N, with combined yields at 72, 84, 95, and 110of sole-cropped sorghum fertilized with the same annual rate of N. Drought dramatically reduced rye-sorghum yields. Sole-cropped sweet sorghum had yields similar to sweet sorghum grown in the 3-yr rotation. Environmental conditions associated with years and locations affected fiber components, N, and total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations of sorghum. Use of the Universal Soil Loss Equation revealed that planting rye before sorghum would reduce estimated soil loss at both h locations, but the loss was still unacceptably high on the sloping soil in southern Iowa (22 l ha -1 ). An economic partial budget showed that ryesorghum cost $147 ha -1 more to produce than sole-cropped sorghum. We conclude that, if winter rye is to be grown as a double crop with sorghum in the North-Central region, it will likely be because of its positive influence on the environment and not because of potential for improved yield.

Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Varieties Sown in Spring and Winter

Abstract: Oil content and fatty acid composition were examined for Yenice (spineless), Dincer (spineless) and Remzibey-05 (spiny) saf- flower varieties planted winter and spring seasons in 2004-2005. Oil content was affected by sowing time and variety. Oil content in three varieties ranged from 24.53 % to 28.47 % in winter sowing and from 21.23 % to 25.76 % in spring sowing. A significant sowing time x variety interaction for oil content was not observed. The sowing time x variety interaction was not significant for all fatty acids examined. Only the stearic acid among major fatty acids (palmitic, stearic oleic, and linoleic acids) and the linolenic acid were influenced (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) by sowing time. The stearic acid content in varieties increased with the ratio of 0.18 % in winter sowing time. The linolenic acid was higher of 0.02 % in spring sowing. It was recorded that there was a negative correlation between the palmitic and the stearic acids in winter (r= -0.063) and spring (r= -0.806, P<0.01) sowings. Also, there was an inverse relationship (r= - 0.999, P<0.01) between the oleic and linoleic acids in both all varieties and two sowing times. The results of the study have been demonstrated the sowing time and variety may have an important effect on oil quality and content of safflower seed. Therefore, winter sowing time may be recommended in Ankara conditions.