Showing papers on "Soybean oil published in 1977"

クルマエビの栄養要求に関する研究-vii 成長におよぼす脂質の影響

Abstract: The effects of dietary lipids on the growth and fatty acid composition of the prawn, Penaeus japonicus, were examined. The survival and growth of prawn kept on soybean oil diet were extremely low. However, all diets containing Pollack residual oil were found to improve both survival and growth. The highest growth was obtained in the prawn group receiving 8% short necked clam lipid. Dietary lipids affected the fatty acid composition of prawn lipids. The diets containing either pollack residual oil of short necked clam lipid elevated 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 levels as compared with soybean oil diet.

“Zerotrans” margarines: Preparation, structure, and properties of interesterified soybean oil-Soy trisaturate blends

Abstract: The sodium methoxide-catalyzed random interesterification of liquid soybean oil-soy trisaturate blends was explored as a possible route to zerotrans margarine oils. Lipase hydrolysis of the rearranged fats showed that with 0.2% catalyst, interesterification is complete within 30 min at 75-80 C. The glyceride structures of natural and randomized soybean oil-soy trisaturate blends are presented, and relationships between their structure and physical properties are discussed. Organoleptic evaluations showed that randomization of the glyceride structure had no adverse effects on flavor and oxidative stability. Flavor evaluations made against a commercially hardened tub margarine oil showed that interesterified oil had comparable initial and aged flavor scores. X-ray diffraction studies demonstrated that randomized soybean oil-soy trisaturate blends possess the beta-prime crystal structure desirable for use in margarine production. Dilatometric data indicate that random interesterification of 20% by weight of soy trisaturate into the glyceride structure of soybean oil provides a product having a solid fat index suitable for use in a soft tub margarine.

Quality of oil from damaged soybeans

Abstract: Various processing steps were explored in an at-tempt to improve the quality of oil from field- and storage-damaged soybeans. A crude soybean oil (5.7% free fatty acid) commercially extracted from damaged soybeans was degummed in the laboratory with different reagents: water, phosphoric acid, and acetic anhydride. Two alkali strengths, each at 0.1 and 0.5% excess, were used to refine each degummed oil. After vacuum bleaching (0.5% activated earth) and deodorization (210 C, 3 hr), these oils were un-acceptable as salad oils. A flavor score of 6.0 or higher characterizes a satisfactory oil. Scores of water and phosphoric acid degummed oils ranged from 4.5 to 5.1, while acetic anhydride degummed oils aver-aged 5.6. Flavor evaluations of (phosphoric acid de-gummed) single- and double-refined oils (210 C deodorization) showed that the latter were signifi-cantly better. Flavor scores increased from 5.0 to about 6.0. To study the effects of deodorization tem-perature, the crude commercial oil was alkali-refined, water-washed and bleached with 0.5% activated earth, but the degumming step was omitted. Flavor evalua-tion of oil deodorized at 210, 230, and 260 C showed that each temperature increment raised flavor scores significantly. Further evaluations of specially proc-essed oils (water, phosphoric acid, and acetic anhy-dride degummed oils given single and double refinings and deodorized at 260 C) showed that deodorization temperature is the most important factor affecting the initial quality of oil from damaged beans. Flavor evaluations showed that hydrogenation and hydro-genation-winterization treatments produced oils of high initial quality, but with poorer keeping proper-ties than oils from normal beans. No evidence was found implicating nonhydratable phosphatides in the oil flavor problem. Iron had a deleterious effect in oils not treated with citric acid during deodorization.

Volatiles and oil quality

Abstract: A simple, rapid, and versatile procedure for collecting and measuring volatiles from edible oils is presented. The technique involves direct sampling, can be used with all gas chromatographs having adequate sensitivity, does not require special valving, and is not limited to a specific sample size. Correlation of volatiles with flavor panel scores was excellent with soybean oils aged at room temperature under normal fluorescent lighting. Identification of the major volatiles from aged soybean oil using this technique was accomplished using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

The effect of dietary fatty acid balance on myocardial lesions in male rats.

Abstract: Three hundred (experiment I) and 350 (experiment II) weanling, 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 40–50 g were randomly assigned two per cage and 50 per dietary treatment to study the effect of dietary fatty acid balance on myocardial lesions. The following oils were tested: Experiment I.Brassica napus var. Tower rapeseed oil [Tower RSO, 1974 cultivar and 1975 cultivar, each containing 0.3% erucic (22∶1) acid];B. napus var. Zephyr RSO containing 0.9% 22∶1; corn oil; olive oil; and soybean oil. Experiment II.B. napus var. Tower RSO (1974 cultivar), olive oil, soybean oil, and the following oils to which was added the indicated level of free 22∶1; Tower +0.5% 22∶1; Tower +5.6% 22∶1; olive oil +4.4% 22∶1; soybean oil +5.7% 22∶1. In each case the oils were incorporated in a semisynthetic diet at a level of 20% by weight. Heart and heart lipid weights of rats fed the different oils did not differ statistically from each other. Fatty acid analyses of heart lipids revealed that the fatty acid composition of the cardiac lipids reflected that of the diet fed. In experiment I, there was a definite but significantly lower incidence (P<0.01) and severity (P<0.01) of heart lesions in rats fed control oils (corn, olive, soybean) than in rats fed rapeseed oils. Also, in experiment II, a definite but lower incidence and severity of heart lesions occurred in rats fed control oils (soybean, olive) compared to rats fed Tower RSO or this oil with added free 22∶1. Adding 22∶1 to an oil naturally high in 18∶3 (soybean) did not alter the incidence of heart lesions, whereas adding 22∶1 to an oil naturally high in 18∶1 (olive) increased significantly (P<0.01) both the incidence and severity of heart lesions. Thus, it appears that the background incidence of heart lesions that are found in the rat in any case, and which are increased by rapeseed oil feeding, is caused by the imbalanced fatty acid composition of the oil for the growing rat, i.e. high monoenes (18∶1, 20∶1, and 22∶1) and high 18∶3 and is not only due to the presence of excess 18∶3.

Oat Oil: Refining and stability

Abstract: Oil obtained by petroleum ether extraction of Dal oats was refined by conventional methods. Degumming loss was reduced to 15% by degumming in hexane solution and partially neutralizing the oil with sodium hydroxide. The free fatty acid was 6~8%, and alkali refining losses were 25~30%. Oat oil was bleached successfully with charcoal and deodorized. Stability of the refined oil was compared with soybean oil at 25 and 55 C by peroxide values and organoleptic tests. Stability of oat oil was increased by the addition of citric acid and was significantly greater than that of soybean oil, especially at 25 C. Oat oil contained significant amounts of α-tocopherol, but ferulic and caffeic acids, antioxidants important in whole oats, were not extracted by hexane.

Analysis of Triglycerides of Soybean Oil by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Combination with Gas Liquid Chromatography

Abstract: A technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to the analysis of triglycerides of soybean oil. The triglycerides were clearly separated into six peaks by HPLC on a column packed with, μ-Bondapack C18 using methanol-chloroform mixture as a solvent. From the fatty acid compositions of the triglycerides of these six peaks, it was found that the separation of triglycerides by HPLC under the conditions used was governed by the degree of their unsaturation in addition to carbon number ; that is, the higher the degree of unsaturation of the triglyceride, the earlier the elution. From the results obtained, the possible triglyceride compositions of soybean oil were estimated. As a result, it was suggested that the use of HPLC in combination with GLC and TLC can provide more detailed information concerning triglyceride structure.

Clinical use of 10% soybean oil emulsion

Abstract: The pharmaceutical and therapeutic aspects of the use of 10% soybean oil emulsion in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are reviewed. The composition of the commercial preparation (intralipid), comparison with cottonseed oil emulsion, advantages and disadvantages of use, metabolism, toxicity, therapeutic monitoring, clinical uses, and evaluative studies are discussed. Soybean oil emulsion is a useful source of calories and essential fatty acids in TPN. The product is more expensive than other solutions used in TPN. Woybean oil emulsion should be considered for use in small hospitals and in home therapy because of the advantage of peripheral administration.

Soybean protein extract

Abstract: A recovered soybean protein extract is disclosed containing at least 55 percent of soybean protein, on a dry solids basis, and from 2 to 32 percent of natural soybean oil, based on the weight of the protein. The remainder of the extract includes water, carbohydrates, minerals and proteinate salts. A method for recovering the soybean protein extract, whereby the oil and the protein are jointly separated from the soybean, is also disclosed. The method involves grinding cleaned and dehulled soybeans, slurrying the ground product in peroxide and water, and recovering a protein extract from the slurry by centrifugal processing. An isolate, protein content at least 85 percent, is obtained by adjusting the slurry pH to at least about 8 to solubilize the protein, removing the insolubles and free oil, and then precipitating the protein solids by lowering the pH to about 4.5; the precipitated protein is then recovered from the slurry. The protein and oil content of the extract may be varied through minor modifications to the above steps so as to produce oil-containing extracts having as low as 55 percent protein. Unexpectedly, the protein extract of the instant invention, notwithstanding an oil content of at least 2 percent, has been found to have an extended shelf life.

Specific gravities of rapeseed and canbra oils

Abstract: New varieties of rapeseed oils grown in Canada have bess than 1% erucic (cis-13-docosenoic) acid and also a reduction in cis-11-eicosenoic acid. The replacement of these acids with C18 acids increased the specific gravity (25 C/25 C) from 0.9123 for an oil with 23.1% erucic acid to 0.9171 for an oil with 0.7% erucic acid. Soybean oil data are presented for comparison.

Recovery of Solubilized Rhodium from Hydroformylated Vegetable Oils and Their Methyl Esters

Abstract: Procedures were developed to extract rhodium from hydroformylated vegetables oils and methyl esters. Among the numerous reagents surveyed, aqueous hydrogen cyanide with triethanolamine (TEA) was found to be most effective. The effects of time, temperature, and concentration of reagents were studied. Over 98% of the solubilized rhodium was removed from crude methyl formylstearate at 100 C for 1 hr with 0.5% hydrogen cyanide, 5% water, and 0.5% TEA. Over 98% of the solubilized rhodium was also extracted from hydroformylated soybean and safflower methyl esters; however, 1% hydrogen cyanide, 10% water, and 0.62% TEA had to be used. Only 90% of the rhodium was removed from hydroformylated soybean oil. The reagents used can be adpated to a continuous extraction procedure.

Dry-heat resistance of Bacillus subtilis spores in contact with serum albumin, carbohydrates or lipids.

Abstract: The apparent dry-heat resistance of B. subtilis var. niger spores in contact with serum albumin, certain carbohydrates or lipids, was determined in an open test system. The resistance, in terms of D160-value, was significantly increased by sucrose or serum albumin and decreased by glucose or fructose. The D160-value of spores heated in contact with olive oil and triolein was about the same as that of the control spores (clean spores). The D160-value of spores in soybean oil, tricaprin or trilaurin was, however, somewhat higher than that of the control spores. The D160-value for spores heated in different lipids increased in the order: olive oil < triolein < soybean oil < tricaprin < trilaurin. The z-value was not significantly influenced by any of the tested substances, i.e. fructose, sucrose, olive oil, soybean oil, tricaprin or trilaurin.

Response of chicks to the feeding of different rapeseed oils and rapeseed oil fractions

Abstract: Growth rates of chicks and efficiency of feed utilization were similar when the diet contained 4% of either rapeseed oil or corn oil in one experiment and when the diet contained 10% of either rapeseed oil or soybean oil in a second experiment. Gums from high or low erucic acid rapeseed at dietary levels of 4–5% resulted in growth rates and feed efficiency similar to those obtained with the oils. Acidulated soapstock and non-acidulated soapstock from high and low erucic acid rapeseed, fed in comparison with oils, gave favorable results for growth rate. The non-acidulated soapstocks, probably as a result of their 6% mineral content, reduced feed efficiency slightly. There was no mortality attributable to any of the oils or oil fractions.

Selective hydrogenation of soybean oil. VIII. Effect of method of preparation upon the activity of a copper-silica catalyst

Abstract: A copper-silica catalyst was prepared by adding copper nitrate solution to sodium silicate. The precipitated copper-silica catalyst was washed, dried, and heat-treated at high temperatures. The effect of preparational variables upon catalyst activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of soybean oil was investigated. The optimum conditions were precipitation at 25 to 55 C, drying the catalyst by freeze drying, and heat treatment at 500 C. The catalyst obtained under these conditions is more than three times as active as a commercial copper-chromite catalyst.

Effects of edible oils on blood and arterial lipids in rats after one year's balanced normolipidic diet.

Abstract: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during one year with diets containing 12% of one of the following fats: butter, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, palm oil, canbra oil and arachid oil. Total serum cholesterol was lower in the arachid, suflower and butter groups and higher in the palm and hydrogenated soybean groups (p less than 0.01); serum cholesterol esters were lower in the arachid, sunflower and soybean groups, but higher in the palm and hydrogenated soybean groups ( p less than 0.01). Serum triglycerides were lower in the sunflower and arachid groups and higher in the butter and palm groups (p less than 0.01). There was a positive, significant correlation between serum cholesterol and phospholipids in the various groups. In aortas, free cholesterol levels were the same in different groups, but cholesterol ester levels increased in the following order: canbra, butter, arachid, palm, sunflower, rapeseed, hydrogenated soybean and soybean red groups (p less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between aorta cholesterol esters and the ratio 18:0 + 18:1 of the dietary fat (r = 0.69; p less than 0.001).

Organopolysiloxane resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the titled resin composition having excellent heat resistance, adhesion and normal temperature drying properties, by mixing an organopolysiloxane resin, an alkoxysilane, an aminoalkylalkoxysilane and an epoxy resin fatty acid ester. CONSTITUTION:10-90pts.wt. Component A having a composition of 100pts.wt. organopolysiloxane resin (a) represented by formula I (where R is monovalent hydrocarbon group; X is hydroxyl or alkoxyl group; a is 0.9-1.8 and; 0 is H, alkyl or aminoalkyl; R is bivalent organic group; R is monovalent hydrocarbon group, R is alkyl and; n is 0 or 1) is blended with 90-10pts.wt. epoxy resin fatty acid ester (B). As the fatty acid to be used, those of soybean oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, dehydrated castor oil and the like are mentioned.

Changes in cardiac lipids of chicks fed rapeseed oils with different levels of erucic acid

Abstract: Male White Leghorn chicks were fed either a basal diet or diets supplemented with soybean oil or four different rapeseed oils at 20% by weight of the diet from 1 day of age to 3 days, 1, 2 and 4 wk. The four rapeseed oils contained different levels of erucic (0.9–22.3%) and eicosenoic (1.5–12.3%) acids. Only the diet containing rapeseed oil high in erucic acid gave higher cardiac fat levels as measured gravimetrically. Maximum deposition of the long-chain monoenes, erucic and eicosenoic acids, had occurred in the cardiac lipids of chicks after 3 days on diet, and the levels remained high throughout the 4-wk trial. The relative concentration of these long-chain monoenes in the cardiac lipids of chicks was positively correlated to the dietary levels of these acids. The composition of the alkenyl groups of the plasmalogenic lipids was changed by feeding rapeseed oil, with 18:1 becoming the major alkenyl group. Minor amounts of 20:1 and 22:1 alkenyl groups were detected in the plasmalogenic lipids of chicks f...

Continuous fractionation of edible fats and oils without using solvents

Abstract: PURPOSE:A process for the continuous fractionation of glyceride components of fats and oils of aminals or vegetables (e.g. beef tallow) or of their hydrogenated ones (e.g. hardened soybean oil) without using any solvent.

Ketogenicity of Soybean Oil, Coconut Oil and Their Respective Fatty Acids for the Chick

Abstract: plied by soybean oil, coconut oil and their respective fatty acids, with and without added glucose. Results showed that chicks fed diets contain ing soybean oil grew faster, had similar levels of blood glucose and blood ketone bodies but lower levels of liver glycogen than chicks fed diets con taining coconut oil. The appetite and growth depressing property of coco nut oil was accentuated when glycerol was deleted from the diet by sub stituting coconut fatty acids for coconut oil; in contrast to soybean fatty acids, the appetite and growth depressing property of coconut fatty acids was not overcome by the addition of glucose. Blood levels of ketone bodies were higher in chicks fed coconut fatty acids than when soybean fatty acids were fed, but no differences were observed in levels of blood glucose or liver glycogen. These results indicate that when fed in triglycérideform, coconut oil and soybean oil did not differ in ketogenicity for the chick; however, when fed in unesterified form, coconut fatty acids were found to be more ketogenic than soybean fatty acids. Conclusions as to whether more carbohydrate precursors are formed in the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids than in the oxidation of saturated fatty acids awaits further study. J. Nutr. 107: 2206-2112, 1977. INDEXING

Method for treating mushrooms

Abstract: A method for treating mushrooms in order to preserve and clean them and to improve their flavor is disclosed. The method includes soaking of the mushrooms in an edible vegetable oil such as soybean oil. After the soaking step, the mushrooms are water rinsed to clean and to remove excess oil, and then allowed to dry. As an alternative, a source of air under pressure may be used to clean the mushrooms and remove excess oil. Mushrooms treated in accordance with the present invention have been found to maintain a fresh condition for much longer periods of time than untreated mushrooms, and with a definite improvement in the flavor thereof.

Efeito dos farelos de soja, de algodão e de farinho de peixe na alimentação de bezerros de raça leiteira

Abstract: Three sources of protein (A = soybean oil meal; B= cottonseed oil meal and C = fish and soybean oil meal) were tested in concentrate rations for calves. Thirty-six one-week oil calves (18 males and 18 females) were used in a randomized block design. The experiment lasted 84 days and during the first 42 days the animals received milk at a rate of 4 kg/animal/day, one of the concentrates and grass hay (Brachiana decumbens) ad libitum. During the last 42 days the animals received one of the concentrate mixtures limited to 2 kg/animal/ day and grass hay ad libitun. Although there were no significant differences between sex and between treatments, the performance of the animals fed fish and soybean oil meal were slightly superior liveweight gain and feed conversion) than the performance of the animals fed the other 2 sources of protein. The low quality of the hay fed (4,8% CP and 34,9% CF in dry basis) and the limitation of the concentrate intake to 2 kg/animal/day, probably affected the liveweight gain during the last 42 days of the experiment (0.444; 0.450 and 0.549kg/animal/day for sources of protein A, 13 and C, respectively).

Effect of Metal Ions on the Oxidation of Soybean Oil and Its Fried Noodle

Abstract: In the present study, the proxidant effect of ferrous and cupric chlorides which added to soybean oil and its fried noodle in the same concentration of the city water and the physically refined underground water were determined. As the inhibitor of metal proxidation, BHA and citric acid which are used widely in oil industry as antioxidants were compared. In both cases of soybean oil and its fried noodle, the addition of cupric chloride and ferrous chloride showed prominent proxidant effect. Especially, cupric chloride marked more proxidant effect than ferrous chloride by 3 to 6 times with the elapse of time. In the inhibition activity of metal proxidation, citric acid was more effective than BHA. The 1ppm of Cu +0.01% of citric acid treated soybean oil showed less proxidant effect than the control at the later stage. The inhibition activity of citric acid on in soybean oil was more effective than in soybean oil.