Showing papers on "Soybean oil published in 2011"
TL;DR: A preliminary cost analysis shows that VFAs-based biodiesel production is competitive with current palm and soybean based biodiesels and further process development for lower aeration cost and higher lipid yield will make this process more economical.
268 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the combined effects of temperature, catalyst concentration, reaction time and molar ratio of alcohol in relation to oil were investigated and optimized using response surface methodology, and the optimum conditions for the production of ethyl esters were obtained.
199 citations
TL;DR: Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization has been applied to allyl 10undecenoate, 10-[2',5'-bis(10-undecenoyloxy)phenyl]-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10oxide, and 1,3-bis-glycerol to prepare a set of polyesters with different phosphorus and hydroxyl contents as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Natural vegetable oils have been transformed in polymers following three main routes. The first is the direct polymerization through the double bonds of the fatty acid chain. The cationic copolymerization of soybean oil with styrene, divinylbenzene, and different amounts of styrenic monomers containing Si allows producing materials with improved mechanical and flame retardant properties. The second route is the functionalization of the triglyceride double bonds to introduce readily polymerizable groups: The singlet oxygen photoperoxidation-dehydration of the allylic positions of the high oleic sunflower oil allows producing enone-containing triglycerides that are chemically crosslinked with aromatic diamines through aza-Michael reactions. At high temperatures, this curing reaction proceeds through a complex mechanism leading to quinoline moieties. This new crosslinking approach can be also applied to aldehyde containing triglycerides. The third route consists of using plant oil-derived chemicals like 10-undecenoic acid to produce tailor made monomers. Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization has been applied to allyl 10-undecenoate, 10-[2',5'-bis(10-undecenoyloxy)phenyl]-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide, and 1,3-bis(10-undecenoyl)glycerol to prepare a set of polyesters with different phosphorus and hydroxyl contents. Moreover thiol-ene "click" coupling of allyl 10-undecenoate with mercaptoethanol, 3-mercaptopropanoic acid, and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane has been used to produce difunctional telechelic polyesters.
192 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of methanol to oil, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, and reaction time on the yield of FAME were studied, where a co-solvent was added into the reactants and the conversion efficiency of the reaction was improved.
177 citations
TL;DR: Reusability results confirmed that the prepared catalyst could be reemployed up to six times, procreating a potentially applicable avenue in biodiesel synthesis.
162 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of a heterogeneous base catalyst on the transesterification of soybean oil assisted by microwave irradiation was examined, and the results showed that nanopowder calcium oxide (nano CaO) was very efficient in converting soybean oils to biodiesel, while water content of methanol cannot improve the conversion rate catalyzed by nano CaO.
141 citations
TL;DR: The nanocatalyst had longer lifetime and maintained sustained activity after being used for five cycles and production of biodiesel has positive impact on the utilization of agricultural and forestry products.
133 citations
TL;DR: The presence of an antioxidant in the feed protects lipids from further oxidizing, therefore increasing broiler performance and improving shelf life when using oxidized oil.
129 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Sesame cake extract (SCE) was used to stabilize sunflower oil (SFO) and soybean oil (sBO) and compared to synthetic antioxidants, by measuring their peroxide values (PV), conjugated dienes (CD), and p -anisidine value during accelerated storage.
127 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics, mass transfer and heat transfer of soybean oil epoxidation with H 2 O 2 have been studied in a fed and pulse-fed-batch reactor.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the environmental impact from the production of bio-fuels whose origin is the oil obtained from sunflower, rapeseed and soybeans, and found a significant impact on the drying and preparation processes of the seed as well as the crude soybean oil extracting process.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed Camellia oleifera seeds from the cultivars LCDG, YAYC, and CR3 for their amount of 14 different fatty acids (unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated).
Abstract: Camellia oleifera originates from China and is important for the economy of southern China. Seeds from the cultivars LCDG, YAYC, and CR3 of Camellia oleifera were analyzed for their amount of 14 different fatty acids (unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated). In contrast to former investigations additional kinds of fatty acids could be isolated from Camellia oleifera seeds: The composition of this oil is very similar to olive oil, comprising 67.7–76.7 % oleic acid, 82–84 % unsaturated fatty acids, 68–77 % monounsaturated fatty acids, and 7–14 % polyunsaturated acids. Moreover, Camellia oleifera oil has many advantages to rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, safflower seed oil, and especially pig oil.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different contents of lactic acid, epoxydized soybean oil and olive oil on optical, barrier, and mechanical properties was investigated and results were related to changes in the bands obtained by Fourier infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, α-Tocopherol (PT2.5) was extruded in a pilot-plant size blown-extrusion machine and the results showed a Fick's behavior with diffusion coefficients (D) at levels between 10−11 and 10−10cm2/s and with 26.9-99% of release.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the combination of immobilized lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) and Rhizomucor miehei (RML) on the transesterification (ethanolysis) and hydrolysis of soybean oil, a heterogeneous substrate composed of different fatty acids, were investigated.
01 Jul 2011
TL;DR: The results indicate that pH exerts an influence over emulsion formation and stability and demonstrate that rhamnolipids could replace chemical surfactants, such as SDS, in different industrial fields.
Abstract: Rhamnolipids have excellent emulsifying power with a variety of hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds and vegetable oils. This paper evaluates the effect of pH ranging from 3 to 9 on the emulsifying activity and stability of rhamnolipids and hydrophobic substrates (benzene, soybean oil and kerosene). Sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as a reference to compare the level of chemical and biological surfactant activity after 24 h (E 24 ). The results indicate that pH exerts an influence over emulsion formation and stability. For rhamnolipids, peak emulsifying activity occurred under base conditions for all substrates, with the highest value achieved with kerosene at pH 8. The results of the present study demonstrate that rhamnolipids could replace chemical surfactants, such as SDS, in different industrial fields.
TL;DR: In this article, a series of batch uncatalyzed thermal decomposition experiments were performed using canola and soybean oils to explore pathways of triacylglycerols (TGs) cracking.
TL;DR: In this article, an ionic liquid was used as reaction medium to produce biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) with soybean oil and methanol through transesterification by Novozym 435.
TL;DR: The newly identified indel mutation in the FAD2-1A gene offers a simple method for the development of high oleic acid commercial soybean varieties.
Abstract: The alteration of fatty acid profiles in soybean to improve soybean oil quality has been a long-time goal of soybean researchers. Soybean oil with elevated oleic acid is desirable because this monounsaturated fatty acid improves the nutrition and oxidative stability of soybean oil compared to other oils. In the lipid biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) is responsible for the conversion of oleic acid precursors to linoleic acid precursors in developing soybean seeds. Two genes encoding FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B were identified to be expressed specifically in seeds during embryogenesis and have been considered to hold an important role in controlling the seed oleic acid content. A total of 22 soybean plant introduction (PI) lines identified to have an elevated oleic acid content were characterized for sequence mutations in the FAD 2-1A and FAD2-1B genes. PI 603452 was found to contain a deletion of a nucleotide in the second exon of FAD2-1A. These important SNPs were used in developing molecular marker genotyping assays. The assays appear to be a reliable and accurate tool to identify the FAD 2-1A and FAD2-1B genotype of wild-type and mutant plants. PI 603452 was subsequently crossed with PI 283327, a soybean line that has a mutation in FAD2-1B. Interestingly, soybean lines carrying both homozygous insertion/deletion mutation (indel) FAD2-1A alleles and mutant FAD2-1B alleles have an average of 82–86% oleic acid content, compared to 20% in conventional soybean, and low levels of linoleic and linolenic acids. The newly identified indel mutation in the FAD2-1A gene offers a simple method for the development of high oleic acid commercial soybean varieties.
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a custom-designed, multimode 2450MHz laboratory-scale, batch type-converted to continuous microwave-assisted extraction (CMAE) system was investigated and the optimization results obtained were used to develop and test a pilot-scale 5kW, 915MHz focused cavity CMAE system.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of deep fat frying on oil degradation, total phenols (TP) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of hazelnut, corn, soybean and olive oils were investigated.
Abstract: In this study, the effect of deep fat frying on oil degradation, total phenols (TP) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of hazelnut, corn, soybean and olive oils were investigated. Oil degradation and oxidation were monitored by measuring the total polar compounds (TPC) and the peroxide value (PV). The amount of TPC in corn, soybean and olive oils increased significantly with the time increment (p < 0.05). The PV of the oils did not exceed the maximum acceptable limit of 10 mequiv O2/kg after 125 min frying except for hazelnut oil (10.64 mequiv O2/kg). Deep-fat frying did not cause any significant change in the TP of corn oil, soybean oil and olive oil (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in the antioxidant activity was observed after 50 min frying using hazelnut oil and corn oil (p < 0.05). However, the antioxidant activity of soybean oil and olive oil significantly decreased after 75 and 25 min frying, respectively.
TL;DR: Soybean oil and castor oil were modified and used to prepare rigid polyurethane foam with similar properties to a commercial foam used for thermal insula- tion applications as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Soybean oil and castor oil were modified and used to prepare rigid polyurethane foam with similar properties to a commercial foam used for thermal insula- tion applications. Soybean oil was firstly modified accord- ing to a peracid method, using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide to yield a formiated soy polyol. Furthermore, transesterification was performed with a polyfunctional alcohol to increase OH-functionality. Castor oil, which has hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure, was only trans- esterified. The vegetable polyols were characterized by OH- number, Brookfield viscosity, differential scanning calorim- etry, and size exclusion chromatography. The foams were prepared at constant NCO/OH ratio (1.2 : 1) by the hand mix method and poured into a closed steel box. They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, ther- mogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The apparent density and the compression strength of foams were determined, respectively, by the mass/volume relation and through the table tensile tester. After modifica- tion, the polyols reached an OH-number between 393 and 477 mg KOH/g oil, showing a low viscosity and molecular weight, allowing the preparation of a rigid vegetable foam with an apparent density of 50 6 1 kg/m 3 and compression strength around 200 kPa. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 530-537, 2011
TL;DR: A completely randomized design study with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to evaluate the effects of three different fat sources (soybean oil, tallow, and poultry fat) with or without emulsifier supplementation on performance, coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of fatty acids, and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) content in broiler chickens as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of oil droplet size on antimicrobial activity was investigated and it was concluded that the antimicrobial property of nanoemulsions result from the active ingredients in the emulsions and not from high surface tensions and cell wall diffusion activity of nano-sized droplets.
Abstract: In this study the effect of oil droplet size on antimicrobial activity was investigated. Oil-in-water emulsions were made from oil possessing antimicrobial properties (lemon myrtle oil, LMO), and oil which has no antimicrobial properties (soybean oil). The antimicrobial properties were investigated against 5 bacteria. The emulsions containing millimetre size and micron-size droplets were produced by hand-shaking and blending using a high speed blender and nanoemulsions were produced using a microfluidizer at 60 MPa. It was found that all emulsions made from LMO had the same level of antimicrobial effects against the 5 bacteria whereas all soybean oil emulsions had no antimicrobial effect. From these results, it could be concluded that the antimicrobial property of nanoemulsions result from the active ingredients in the emulsions and not from high surface tensions and cell wall diffusion activity of nano-sized droplets.
01 Dec 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, discontinuous deep frying of potatoes, milanesas (breaded bovine Semimembranosus muscle) and churros (flour, water, milk, lemon and salt) in soybean oil, sunflower oil and partially hydrogenated fats, monitored by conventional and unconventional methods.
Abstract: This paper aims to study discontinuous deep frying of potatoes, milanesas (breaded bovine Semimembranosus muscle) and churros (flour, water, milk, lemon and salt) in soybean oil, sunflower oil and partially hydrogenated fats, monitored by conventional and unconventional methods. With the exception of partially hydrogenated fat after 80.5 h of deep-frying churros, all the oils exceeded 25% of total polar compounds (TPC) and the content of polymeric and dimerized triacylglycerols were higher than 10%, prevailing thermal alterations. For none of the samples the percentage of free fatty acids exceeded 2% of oleic acid. The losses of tocopherols during frying reached 76.0%. Little significant alterations occurred in the fatty acids composition, iodine index calculated, saponification index and formation of trans isomers after frying. The rapid tests used to determine TPC, malondialdehyde and alkenals have proved to be viable alternatives to monitor the quality of frying oils.
TL;DR: In this article, an external standard method (ESM) was employed for quantitative analysis, which was compared with the results achieved by support vector machine (SVM) methods, and the prediction accuracy showed that the ESM based on Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique for the authentication of extra virgin olive oil.
Abstract: Commercially available extra virgin olive oils are often adulterated with some other cheaper edible oils with similar chemical compositions. A set of extra virgin olive oil samples adulterated with soybean oil, corn oil and sunflower seed oil were characterized by Raman spectra in the region 1000–1800 cm−1. Based on the intensity of the Raman spectra with vibrational bands normalized by the band at 1441 cm−1 (CH2), external standard method (ESM) was employed for the quantitative analysis, which was compared with the results achieved by support vector machine (SVM) methods. By plotting the adulterant content of extra virgin olive oil versus its corresponding band intensity in the Raman spectrum at 1265 cm−1, the calibration curve was obtained. Coefficient of determination (R2) of each curve was 0.9956, 0.9915 and 0.9905 for extra virgin olive oil samples adulterated with soybean oil, corn oil and sunflower seed oil, respectively. The mean absolute relative errors were calculated as 7.41, 7.78 and 9.45%, respectively, with ESM, while they were 5.10, 6.96 and 4.55, in the SVM model, respectively. The prediction accuracy shows that the ESM based on Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique for the authentication of extra virgin olive oil. The method also has the advantages of simplicity, time savings and non-requirement of sample preprocessing; especially, a portable Raman system is suitable for on-site testing and quality control in field applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: This study is exceptional because both the hydrolysis and the esterification use a simple reaction medium with high substrate concentrations and yielded 92% conversion of FFAs to soy methyl esters after 1 hour of reaction.
Abstract: The process of biodiesel production by the hydroesterification route that is proposed here involves a first step consisting of triacylglyceride hydrolysis catalyzed by lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL 100L) to generate free fatty acids (FFAs) This step is followed by esterification of the FFAs with alcohol, catalyzed by niobic acid in pellets or without a catalyst The best result for the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis was obtained under reaction conditions of 50% (v/v) soybean oil and 23% (v/v) lipase (25 U/mL of reaction medium) in distilled water and at 60∘C; an 89% conversion rate to FFAs was obtained after 48 hours of reaction For the esterification reaction, the best result was with an FFA/methanol molar ratio of 1:3, niobic acid catalyst at a concentration of 20% (w/w FFA), and 200∘C, which yielded 92% conversion of FFAs to soy methyl esters after 1 hour of reaction This study is exceptional because both the hydrolysis and the esterification use a simple reaction medium with high substrate concentrations
TL;DR: The enzymatic coproduction of biodiesel and glycerol carbonate by the transesterification of soybean oil was studied using lipase as catalyst in organic solvent and the optimal conditions were 60 °C, 100 g/L Novozym 435, 6.0:1 molar ratio with tert-butanol as solvent.
TL;DR: In this article, the cumulative degree of perfection (CDP) for soybean and olive oil is 0.92 and 0.98, respectively, whereas the CDP for the sunflower oil is 2.36.
TL;DR: In this paper, a membrane separation process was used to separate glycerol from biodiesel after transesterification using a 0.2-μm ceramic membrane at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 bar transmembrane pressures.