Soybean oil

About: Soybean oil is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11154 publications have been published within this topic receiving 234952 citations. The topic is also known as: soya oil & soy bean oil.

Application of raman spectroscopy to monitor and quantify ethyl esters in soybean oil transesterification

Abstract: Biodiesel (FA esters) has become very attractive as an alternative diesel fuel owing to its environmental benefits. Transesterification is the most usual and important method to make biodiesel from vegetable oils. This article investigates the potential for using Raman spectroscopy to monitor and quantify the transesterification of soybean oil to yield ethyl esters. The differences observed in the Raman spectra of soybean oil after transesterification were a peak at 2932 cm−1 ( $$v_{CH_2 }$$ ), the displacement of the v C=O band from 1748 to 1739 cm−1, and the bands at 861 (v R-C=O and v C-C) and 372 cm−1 (δ CO-O-C). Uni- and multivariate analysis methods were used to build several analytical curves and then applied in known samples, treated as unknowns, to test their ability to predict concentrations. The best results were achieved by Raman/PLS calibration models (where PLS=partial least squares regression) using an internal normalization standard (v =C-H band). The correlation coefficient (R 2) values so obtained were 0.9985 for calibration and 0.9977 for validation. Univariate regression analysis between biodiesel concentration and the increasing intensity of $$v_{CH_2 }$$ band or v C=O displacement showed R 2 values of 0.9983 and 0.9742, respectively. Although spectroscopic methods are less sensitive than chromatographic ones, the data obtained by spectroscopy can be correlated with other techniques, allowing biodiesel yield and quality to be quickly assessed.

Synthesis of reactive soybean oils for use as a biobased thermoset resins in structural natural fiber composites

Abstract: Biobased thermosets resins were synthesized by functionalizing the triglycerides of epoxidized soybean oil with methacrylic acid, acetyl anhydride, and methacrylic anhydride The obtained resins were characterized with FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy to confirm the functionalization reactions and the extent of epoxy conversion The viscosities of the methacrylated soybean oil resins were also measured for the purpose of being used as a matrix in composite applications The cross-linking capability was estimated by UV and thermally initiated curing experiments, and by DSC analysis regarding the degree of crosslinking The modifications were successful because up to 97% conversion of epoxy group were achieved leaving only 22% of unreacted epoxy groups, which was confirmed by 1H-NMR The 13C-NMR confirms the ratio of acetate to methacrylate methyl group to be 1 : 1 The viscosities of the methacrylated soybean oil (MSO) and methacrylic anhydride modified soybean oil (MMSO) were 02 and 048 Pas, respectively, which indicates that they can be used in resin transfer molding process © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Synthesis, characterization and use of Nb2O5 based catalysts in producing biofuels by transesterification, esterification and pyrolysis

Abstract: Nb2O5/HX (X = HSO4-, H2PO4-, NO3-) compounds were obtained from the treatment of niobium acid (Nb2O5·xH2O) with sulfuric, phosphoric, and nitric acids as well as Nb2O5 and Nb2O5·xH2O have been investigated as catalysts for the transesterification, esterification and pyrolysis of vegetable oils. The compounds were characterized by thermal analysis (DTA-TGA), spectroscopy (DRX, FT-IR and FT-Raman), surface area (BET) and the acidity (Ho) determined by n-butylamine titration using the Hammet´s indicator method. It was observed that after the acid treatment both the surface area and the acidity decreased as compared to the starting Nb2O5·xH2O. The only exception was a higher acidity verified when nitric acid was used. Among the catalyst investigated, the Nb2O5/H3PO4 presented the highest activity in the alcoholysis of soybean oil with different mono-alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol). All tested solids seemed to stabilize the carboxylic acids formed during the pyrolysis, yielding higher acid numbers for the obtained products. Finally, the use of Nb2O5/H3PO4 and Nb2O5/H2SO4 as catalysts for the esterification showed better activity than Nb2O5·xH2O and Nb2O5.

Influence of temperature and high dietary linoleic acid content on esterification, elongation, and desaturation of PUFA in atlantic salmon hepatocytes

Abstract: The esterification, desaturation, and elongation of [1-14C]18∶3n−3, [1-14C]18∶2n−6, and [1-14C]20∶5n−3 at 5 and at 12°C were studied using cultivated hepatocytes from Atlantic salmon. The salmon were fed diets, in which 0, 50, or 100% of the supplementary fish oil had been replaced by soybean oil, for 950 day-degrees at 5 and 12°C. The endogenous percentage of 18∶2n−6 in hepatocyte lipids was 2% in cells from fish fed a diet with 100% of the supplemental lipid from fish oil, and it was slightly less than 25% in cells from fish fed the diet with 100% of the supplemental lipid from soybean oil. Furthermore, the percentages of 20∶3n−6 and 20∶4n−6 were significantly higher in hepatocytes from fish fed on soybean oil than they were in those of fish fed on fish oil. The percentages of 20∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3, on the other hand, were lower. The endogenous levels of n−6 FA were not significantly correlated with the total amounts of radiolabeled FA esterified in hepatocyte lipids. The main radiolabeled products formed from 18∶2n−6 were 20∶2n−6 and 20∶3n−6. The level of the important eicosanoid precursor 20∶4n−6 was twice as high in hepatocyte phospholipids from fish fed the 100% soybean oil diet as it was in hepatocytes from fish fed the diet with 100% of supplemental lipid from fish oil. The main products formed from 18∶3n−3 were 20∶4n−3, 20∶5n−3, and 22∶6n−3. High levels of dietary 18∶2n−6 do allow, or even seem to increase, the production of 22∶6n−3 from 18∶3n−3 in hepatocytes. The main products formed from 20∶5n−3 were 22∶5n−3 and 22∶6n−3. The production of 22∶6n−3 from 20∶5n−3 was higher at 5°C than at 12°C. The percentage of 24∶5n−3 was higher at 5°C than it was at 12°C, as was the ratio of 24∶5 to 22∶5. These results suggest that the elongation rate of 22∶5n−3 to 24∶5n−3 is higher at the lower temperature.

Effect of genetic modification on the content and composition of bioactive constituents in soybean oil

Abstract: The content and composition of tocopherols, sterols, and phospholipids in soybean oils derived from genetically-modified soybeans were determined by normal and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Tocopherol content was lowered in oils from soybeans selected to yield high palmitate and stearate contents. However, β-tocopherol, which amounts to less than 1 ppm in control oils, was increased to 25–53 ppm in these oils. Sterol content was higher in one reduced-linolenate oil, which also had the highest oleate content. The greatest variability was observed in the content of β-sitosterol, which ranged from 46.9–151.6 mg/100/g in the modified oils. Although, in general, there was little impact on the phospholipids, the content of phosphatidic acid was elevated in crude oils from three of the lines. Increases in phosphatidic acid are generally associated with storage deterioration of soybeans. Individual major classes of phospholipid were isolated, and the molecular species composition of each was determined. Compositional variations in molecular species indicated that there was an impact of the genetic modification of soybeans at the molecular level of the phospholipids that are primary plant cell components.