Spark-ignition engine

About: Spark-ignition engine is a(n) research topic. Over the lifetime, 4352 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 66550 citation(s).

Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract: Fundamental operating principles early internal combustion engine development, characteristics of internal combusion engines, additional types of internal combustion engine, prospects for internal combustion engines, thermodynamic principles introduction and definitions of efficience, ideal air standard cycles, comparison between thermodynamic and mechanical cycles, additional performance parameters for internal combustion engines, fuel-air cycle, computer models, combustion and fuels combustion chemistry and fuel chemistry, combustion thermodynamics, dissociation, combustion in spark ignition engines, combustion in compression ignition engines, fuels and additives, engine emissions, combustion modelling, spark ignition engines combustion chambers, catalysts and emissions from spark ignition engines, mixture preparation, electronic control engines, compression ignition engines direct injection (DI) systems, indirect injection (IDI) systems, cold starting of compression ignition engines, fuel injection equipment, diesel engine emissions, induction and exhaust processes valve gear, flow characteristics of poppet valves, valve timing, unsteady compressible fluid flow, manifold, silencing, two stroke engines two stroke gas flow performance parameters, scavenging systems, scavenge modelling, experimental techniques for evaluating scavenge and results for port flow co-efficients, engine performance and technology, in-cylinder motion flow measurement techniques, turbulence, turbocharging radial flow and axial flow machines, turbocharging the compression ignition engine, turbocharging the spark ignition engine, engine modelling zero-dimensional modelling, application of modelling to a turbocharged medium speed diesel engine, mechanical design considerations the disposition and number of the cylinders, cylinder block and head materials, the piston and rings, the connecting-rod, crankshaft, camshaft and valves, lubrication and bearings, advanced design concepts, heat transfer in internal combustion engines engine cooling, liquid coolant systems, experimental facilities quasi-steady engine instrumentation, experimental accuracy, measurement of exhaust emissions, computer based combustion analysis, advanced test systems, case studies Jaguar V12 HE engine, Chrysler 2.2 litre spark ignition engine, Ford 2.5 litre DI diesel engine. Appendices: the use of SI units answers to numerical problems engine specifications stratified charge engines engine tuning.

Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel

Abstract: Butanol is a very competitive renewable biofuel for use in internal combustion engines given its many advantages. In this review, the properties of butanol are compared with the conventional gasoline, diesel fuel, and some widely used biofuels, i.e. methanol, ethanol, biodiesel. The comparison of fuel properties indicates that n-butanol has the potential to overcome the drawbacks brought by low-carbon alcohols or biodiesel. Then, the development of butanol production is reviewed and various methods for increasing fermentative butanol production are introduced in detailed, i.e. metabolic engineering of the Clostridia, advanced fermentation technique. The most costive part of the fermentation is the substrate, so methods involved in renewed substrates are also mentioned. Next, the applications of butanol as a biofuel are summarized from three aspects: (1) fundamental combustion experiments in some well-defined burning reactors; (2) a substitute for gasoline in spark ignition engine; (3) a substitute for diesel fuel in compression ignition engine. These studies demonstrate that butanol, as a potential second generation biofuel, is a better alternative for the gasoline or diesel fuel, from the viewpoints of combustion characteristics, engine performance, and exhaust emissions. However, butanol has not been intensively studied when compared to ethanol or biodiesel, for which considerable numbers of reports are available. Finally, some challenges and future research directions are outlined in the last section of this review.

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines

Abstract: The threat posed by climate change and the striving for security of energy supply are issues high on the political agenda these days. Governments are putting strategic plans in motion to decrease primary energy use, take carbon out of fuels and facilitate modal shifts. Taking a prominent place in these strategic plans is hydrogen as a future energy carrier. A number of manufacturers are now leasing demonstration vehicles to consumers using hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H 2 ICEs) as well as fuel cell vehicles. Developing countries in particular are pushing for H 2 ICEs (powering two- and three-wheelers as well as passenger cars and buses) to decrease local pollution at an affordable cost. This article offers a comprehensive overview of H 2 ICEs. Topics that are discussed include fundamentals of the combustion of hydrogen, details on the different mixture formation strategies and their emissions characteristics, measures to convert existing vehicles, dedicated hydrogen engine features, a state of the art on increasing power output and efficiency while controlling emissions and modeling.

Effect of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of using unleaded gasoline–ethanol blends on SI engine performance and exhaust emission. A four stroke, four cylinder SI engine (type TOYOTA, TERCEL-3A) was used for conducting this study. Performance tests were conducted for equivalence air–fuel ratio, fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, brake power, engine torque and brake specific fuel consumption, while exhaust emissions were analyzed for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC), using unleaded gasoline–ethanol blends with different percentages of fuel at three-fourth throttle opening position and variable engine speed ranging from 1000 to 4000 rpm. The results showed that blending unleaded gasoline with ethanol increases the brake power, torque, volumetric and brake thermal efficiencies and fuel consumption, while it decreases the brake specific fuel consumption and equivalence air–fuel ratio. The CO and HC emissions concentrations in the engine exhaust decrease, while the CO2 concentration increases. The 20 vol.% ethanol in fuel blend gave the best results for all measured parameters at all engine speeds.

Spark ignition natural gas engines—A review

Abstract: Natural gas is a promising alternative fuel to meet strict engine emission regulations in many countries. Natural gas engines can operate at lean burn and stoichiometric conditions with different combustion and emission characteristics. In this paper, the operating envelope, fuel economy, emissions, cycle-to-cycle variations in indicated mean effective pressure and strategies to achieve stable combustion of lean burn natural gas engines are highlighted. Stoichiometric natural gas engines are briefly reviewed. To keep the output power and torque of natural gas engines comparable to those of their gasoline or Diesel counterparts, high boost pressure should be used. High activity catalyst for methane oxidation and lean deNOx system or three way catalyst with precise air–fuel ratio control strategies should be developed to meet future stringent emission standards. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.