Spark-ignition engine

About: Spark-ignition engine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4352 publications have been published within this topic receiving 66550 citations.

Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract: Fundamental operating principles early internal combustion engine development, characteristics of internal combusion engines, additional types of internal combustion engine, prospects for internal combustion engines, thermodynamic principles introduction and definitions of efficience, ideal air standard cycles, comparison between thermodynamic and mechanical cycles, additional performance parameters for internal combustion engines, fuel-air cycle, computer models, combustion and fuels combustion chemistry and fuel chemistry, combustion thermodynamics, dissociation, combustion in spark ignition engines, combustion in compression ignition engines, fuels and additives, engine emissions, combustion modelling, spark ignition engines combustion chambers, catalysts and emissions from spark ignition engines, mixture preparation, electronic control engines, compression ignition engines direct injection (DI) systems, indirect injection (IDI) systems, cold starting of compression ignition engines, fuel injection equipment, diesel engine emissions, induction and exhaust processes valve gear, flow characteristics of poppet valves, valve timing, unsteady compressible fluid flow, manifold, silencing, two stroke engines two stroke gas flow performance parameters, scavenging systems, scavenge modelling, experimental techniques for evaluating scavenge and results for port flow co-efficients, engine performance and technology, in-cylinder motion flow measurement techniques, turbulence, turbocharging radial flow and axial flow machines, turbocharging the compression ignition engine, turbocharging the spark ignition engine, engine modelling zero-dimensional modelling, application of modelling to a turbocharged medium speed diesel engine, mechanical design considerations the disposition and number of the cylinders, cylinder block and head materials, the piston and rings, the connecting-rod, crankshaft, camshaft and valves, lubrication and bearings, advanced design concepts, heat transfer in internal combustion engines engine cooling, liquid coolant systems, experimental facilities quasi-steady engine instrumentation, experimental accuracy, measurement of exhaust emissions, computer based combustion analysis, advanced test systems, case studies Jaguar V12 HE engine, Chrysler 2.2 litre spark ignition engine, Ford 2.5 litre DI diesel engine. Appendices: the use of SI units answers to numerical problems engine specifications stratified charge engines engine tuning.

Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel

Abstract: Butanol is a very competitive renewable biofuel for use in internal combustion engines given its many advantages. In this review, the properties of butanol are compared with the conventional gasoline, diesel fuel, and some widely used biofuels, i.e. methanol, ethanol, biodiesel. The comparison of fuel properties indicates that n-butanol has the potential to overcome the drawbacks brought by low-carbon alcohols or biodiesel. Then, the development of butanol production is reviewed and various methods for increasing fermentative butanol production are introduced in detailed, i.e. metabolic engineering of the Clostridia, advanced fermentation technique. The most costive part of the fermentation is the substrate, so methods involved in renewed substrates are also mentioned. Next, the applications of butanol as a biofuel are summarized from three aspects: (1) fundamental combustion experiments in some well-defined burning reactors; (2) a substitute for gasoline in spark ignition engine; (3) a substitute for diesel fuel in compression ignition engine. These studies demonstrate that butanol, as a potential second generation biofuel, is a better alternative for the gasoline or diesel fuel, from the viewpoints of combustion characteristics, engine performance, and exhaust emissions. However, butanol has not been intensively studied when compared to ethanol or biodiesel, for which considerable numbers of reports are available. Finally, some challenges and future research directions are outlined in the last section of this review.