Showing papers on "Spark-ignition engine published in 2019"
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of equivalence ratio on combustion and emissions with a low compression ratio of 14.2 in a dual-fuel 6 cylinder engine was experimentally studied.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 1D Wave Action Model was generated to design the pre-chamber geometry taking the fuel available at the start of prechamber combustion and the pressure difference between the main chamber and pre chamber as key parameters.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of various compression ratios (CRs) and spark timing on characteristics of performance and emissions, a high CR six-cylinder heavy-duty compression ignition diesel engine was modified into the port fuel injection hydrogen and liquefied methane gas lean-burn SI engine and tested by using 13.6 and 14.0 CRs.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study was carried out on a constant speed multi-cylinder spark ignition engine fueled with hydrogen, where exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and water injection techniques were adopted to control combustion anomalies (backfire and knocking) and reduce NOx emission at source level.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of a low-pressure cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system on the performance and exhaust emissions of a small-size turbocharged SI engine through numerical and experimental analyses are investigated.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of water injection on the in-cylinder pressure and heat-release rate of a Rotax 914 engine with kerosene and water injection were investigated.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a single cylinder, spark ignition engine is operated both with gasoline and raw biogas at a compression ratio of 10 under wide open and part throttle conditions, and the engine performance, combustion and emission parameters are measured over a range of speed variations.
52 citations
TL;DR: The potential applications of NH3 in conventional ICEs and advanced homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are analyzed in this article, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating NH3 combustion in ICEs.
Abstract: Ammonia (NH3) is an excellent hydrogen (H2) carrier that is easy to bulk manufacture, handle, transport, and use. NH3 is itself combustible and could potentially become a clean transport fuel for direct use in internal combustion engines (ICEs). This technical review examines the current state of knowledge of NH3 as a fuel in ICEs on its own or in mixtures with other fuels. A particular case of interest is to partially dissociate NH3 in situ to produce an NH3/H2 mixture before injection into the engine cylinders. A key element of the present innovation, the presence of H2 is expected to allow easy control and enhanced performance of NH3 combustion. The key thermochemical properties of NH3 are collected and compared to those of conventional and alternative fuels. The basic combustion characteristics and properties of NH3 and its mixtures with H2 are summarized, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating NH3 combustion in ICEs. The combustion chemistry and kinetics of NH3 combustion and mechanisms of NOx formation and destruction are also discussed. The potential applications of NH3 in conventional ICEs and advanced homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are analyzed.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present experimental and numerical simulation results of flame propagation inside a diesel engine converted to lean-burn natural gas spark-ignition operation and show that the combination of strong radial inward movement and tumble resulted in a strong turbulence inside the bowl compared to the low turbulence intensity inside the squish region.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a customized inductive ignition system equipped with 20 conventional ignition coils was applied to enhance the ignition energy, and the discharge interval between each coil unit was controlled to change the discharge current and duration.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study was conducted on a two-wheeler with commercial gasoline (E0) and 30% ethanol blended gasoline(E30) using a chassis dynamometer.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified dual fuel spark ignition engine was used to study the performance of port injection of ethanol and direct injection of gasoline surrogates (toluene reference fuel).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the response surface method (RSM) to analyze the performance and emissions of a port fuel injected gasoline engine burning different blends of fusel oil and gasoline under different loads (20, 40, 60, 80% and 100%) and a fixed engine speed of 2500 rpm.
07 Oct 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a modern single-cylinder spark-ignition engine is fueled with gaseous ammonia/air mixtures at various equivalence ratios and intake pressures, where hydrogen is used as combustion promoter.
Abstract: Ammonia is now recognized as a very serious asset in the context of the hydrogen energy economy, thanks to its non-carbon nature, competitive energy density and very mature production, storage and transport processes. If produced from renewable sources, its use as a direct combustion fuel could participate to the flexibility in the power sector as well as help mitigating fossil fuel use in certain sectors, such as long-haul shipping. However, ammonia presents unfavorable combustion properties, requiring further investigation of its combustion characteristics in practical systems. In the present study, a modern single-cylinder spark-ignition engine is fueled with gaseous ammonia/air mixtures at various equivalence ratios and intake pressures. The results are compared with methane/air and previous ammonia/hydrogen/air measurements, where hydrogen is used as combustion promoter. In-cylinder pressure and exhaust concentrations of selected species are measured and analyzed. Results show that ammonia is a very suitable fuel for SI engine operation, since high power outputs were achieved with satisfying efficiency by taking advantage of the promoting effects of either hydrogen enrichment or increased intake pressure, or a combination of both. The performances under NH3 fueling compare well with those obtained under methane operation. High NOx and unburned NH3 exhaust concentrations were also observed under fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions, respectively, calling for additional mitigation measures. A detailed combustion analysis show that hydrogen mainly acts as an ignition promoter. In the engine, pure ammonia combustion is assumedly mainly driven by the ignition kinetics of ammonia and the flame response to turbulence rather than by the laminar burning velocity.
TL;DR: In this article, the combustion characteristics and cycle-by-cycle variations of a spark-ignition engine fueled with pure methanol, ethanol, and n-butanol were comparatively analyzed.
TL;DR: In this article, the energy and exergy analyses of a hydrogen fueled four-stroke spark ignition engine were performed based on experimental results conducted on single cylinder, air cooled SI engine which is operated four different compression ratios (e.g., 6.6, 7.1 7.6 and 8.1) seven different spark ignition timing, 1600 rpm constant engine speed, lean mixture (ϕ = 0.6) and wide open throttle conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the injection timing under single injection and double injection strategies were investigated on a turbocharged GDI engine fuelled with gasoline and ethanol blend under stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of natural gas composition and compression ratio on thermodynamic and combustion characteristics were comprehensively investigated using a spark ignition liquefied natural gas engine modified from a heavy-duty compression ignition engine.
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study of the performance and emission characteristics of a port fuel injection spark ignition engine modified to fuel by compressed natural gas (CNG) is presented. But, the study results showed that when fueled by CNG, the brake power of the test engine decreases up to 19% and the brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) increases 14%.
TL;DR: In this article, a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, spark ignition engine was loaded with AC engine dynamometer and a spark plug type engine transducer was used to obtain in-cylinder pressure.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of varying the spark advance timing and excess air ratio (air excessive ratio; λ) on the combustion and emission of nitrogen oxide (NOx) in a hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine under part load conditions was investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a deep analysis of natural gas-hydrous ethanol dual-fuel combustion in a spark ignition engine with a modified compression ratio and an advanced intake valve opening strategy to promote internal exhaust gas recirculation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of compression ratio on the performance, combustion including cycle-to-cycle combustion variations through statistical analysis, and emissions, when engine was operated over a wide load range at 8.5:1, 10:1 and 12:1 CRs under methane.
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation was carried out on a multi-cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine fuelled with compressed natural gas (CNG), hydrogen blended CNG (HCNG) and hydrogen with varying load at 1500-rpm in order to perform comparative exergy analysis.
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated PREMIER combustion in natural gas spark-ignition engines and differentiated the causes of both engine knocking and pre-mixed mixture ignition in the end-gas region.
Abstract: PREMIER (PREmixed Mixture Ignition in the End-gas Region) combustion occurs with auto-ignition in the end-gas region when the main combustion flame propagation is nearly finished Auto-ignition is triggered by the increases in pressure and temperature induced by the main combustion flame Similarly to engine knocking, heat is released in two stages when engines undergo this type of combustion This pattern of heat release does not occur during normal combustion However, engine knocking induces pressure oscillations that cause fatal damage to engines, whereas PREMIER combustion does not The purpose of this study was to elucidate PREMIER combustion in natural gas spark-ignition engines, and differentiate the causes of knocking and PREMIER combustion We applied combustion visualization and in-cylinder pressure analysis using a compression–expansion machine (CEM) to investigate the auto-ignition characteristics in the end-gas region of a natural gas spark-ignition engine We occasionally observed knocking accompanied by pressure oscillations under the spark timings and initial gas conditions used to generate PREMIER combustion No pressure oscillations were observed during normal and PREMIER combustion Auto-ignition in the end-gas region was found to induce a secondary increase in pressure before the combustion flame reached the cylinder wall, during both knocking and PREMIER combustion The auto-ignited flame area spread faster during knocking than during PREMIER combustion This caused a sudden pressure difference and imbalance between the flame propagation region and the end-gas region, followed by a pressure oscillation
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of injection timing and compression ratio on the combustion characteristics and emissions of a two-stroke engine fuelled with aviation kerosene rocket propellant 3 (RP-3) are investigated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the n-butanol, an alcohol with chemical characteristics similar to gasoline, was evaluated experimentally in a spark ignition (SI) engine and through two-zone computer modelling.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the reasons of elevated particle emissions by a direct injection spark ignition engine fed with methanol steam reforming (MSR) reformate, and results were compared with a baseline engine with the same engine loads and speeds.
TL;DR: All the mentioned modelling techniques are applied to simulate combustion and knock in a currently made turbocharged GDI engine under knock-safe, knock-limited and light-knocking conditions, and the full potential of the statistical RANS-PDF model for engine development is highlighted on a coherent basis.