Showing papers on "Spark (mathematics) published in 1968"
01 Feb 1968
53 citations
Patent•
19 Feb 196843 citations
35 citations
31 citations
21 citations
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the production of a spark in atmospheric air by means of a mode-locked laser beam has been investigated and some observations on the breakdown threshold conditions and subsequent development of the spark are reported.
15 citations
15 citations
Patent•
20 Jun 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a system that is used to provide a MAXIMUM TORQUE by combining a liquidic logic circuit with an ACTUATOR for accelerating and stopping the start of the torques.
Abstract: SPARK TIMING IN A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE IS CONTROLLED TO PROVIDE MAXIMUM ENGINE TORQUE BY UTILIZING A FLUIDIC LOGIC CIRCUIT IN COMBINATION WITH AN ACTUATOR FOR SELECTIVELY ADVANCING AND RETARDING SPARK TIMING IN RESPONSE TO FLUID SIGNALS AND A SENSOR FOR DETECTING INCREASING AND DECREASING ENGINE TORQUE. AT ANY GIVEN ENGINE SPEED THE LOGIC CIRCUIT SEEKS THE ACTUATOR DIRECTION WHICH PRODUCES INCREASING TORQUE BY PROVIDING SIGNALS WHICH MOVE THE ACTUATOR ALTERNATELY TO ADVANCE AND RETARD THE SPARK TIMING AND BY SENSING THE RESULTING INCREASE OR DECREASE IN ENGINE TORQUE. AN INCREASE IN ENGINE TORQUE CAUSES THE CIRCUIT TO CONTINUE TO MOVE THE SPARKTIMING ACTUATOR IN THE SAME DIRECTION, A DECREASE IN ENGINE TORQUE RESULTS IN A REVERSAL OF THE ACTUATOR DIRECTION. THE SPARK TIMING IS THEREFORE ADJUSTED UNTIL THE MAXIMUM TORQUE IS REALIZED AND THE CONTROL SYSTEM THEN ENTERS A LOW-AMPLITUDE MODE OF OSCILLATION ABOUT THE MAXIMUM-TORQUEPRODUCING ACTUATOR POSITION UNTIL A TORQUE VARIATION IS ONCE AGAIN SENSED.
TL;DR: The use of a time-resolved spark as a primary light source for multi-element atomic absorption analysis has been investigated in this article, where the elements of interest were introduced into the spark by a solution technique using rotating graphite disk electrodes.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the construction, operation and characteristics of a spark chamber with a digital readout of coordinates that is unaffected by magnetic fields, and describe the characteristics of the spark chamber itself.
Patent•
17 Dec 1968
TL;DR: In this article, a retarded spark interrupter connected in series with two series-connected switches, respectively operated by throttle valve position and engine speed, was shunted across the first-mentioned interrupters and the two switches.
Abstract: Ignition distributor spark timing control having a common control disc mounting, a retarded spark interrupter connected in series with two series-connected switches, respectively operated by throttle valve position and engine speed, and an advanced spark second interrupter shunted across the first-mentioned interrupter and the two switches.
Journal Article•
Patent•
12 Nov 1968TL;DR: In this article, a sensing system responds only to high frequency voltages created by sparks to shut down an electrochemical machining apparatus, which includes means to prevent shutting down of the apparatus due to noise.
Abstract: A sensing system responds only to high frequency voltages created by sparks to shut down an electrochemical machining apparatus. The system includes means to prevent shutting down of the apparatus due to noise.
Patent•
23 Dec 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, a spark quenching device for a three-electrode spark chamber is described, in which a discharge device is associated in parallel with the intermediate-electron/anode space of the spark chamber and a trigger device is controlled by the spark current.
Abstract: A spark quenching device for a three-electrode spark chamber in which a discharge device is associated in parallel with the intermediate-electrode/anode space of the spark chamber and a trigger device is controlled by the spark chamber current.
20 Mar 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the growth process of long sparks was investigated using an electron-converter tube with light amplification and a high speed electronic oscillograph was used to record the discharge current and voltage in the gap.
Abstract: : To increase the understanding of the growth process of long sparks, laboratory studies were conducted. In these image-converter tube graphs were constructed using an electron-converter tube with light amplification. To record the discharge current and voltage in the gap, a high speed electronic oscillograph was used. High optical sensitivity permitted a sharp focusing of the weak light fluxes of the initial spark stages. These spark studies were conducted with three different gap arrangements. (Author)
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple electronic spark cutter is described, where the vertical height of a table on which the sample is mounted is positioned by a servo control to maintain a constant spark gap between the workpiece and molybdenum wire cutting tool.
Abstract: A simple electronic spark cutter is described. The vertical height of a table on which the sample is mounted is positioned by a servo control to maintain a constant spark gap between the workpiece and molybdenum wire cutting tool. The wire is pulled between spools to combat erosion.
CERN1
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation is described of the phenomena of electrical breakdown along particle trajectories in a wide gap spark chamber, and the development of the spark is discussed in terms of measurements of the growth of luminescence as observed with a photomultiplier.
TL;DR: In this paper, the angular distribution of penetrating particles in MPP and their angular distribution at a depth of 200m was analyzed by means of a large spark calorimeter with high angular resolution.
Abstract: New data are given on the energy of penetrating particles in MPP and their angular distribution at a depth of 200 m.w.e. The data were obtained by means of a large spark calorimeter with high angular resolution.