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Showing papers on "Spark (mathematics) published in 1975"


Patent
Teruo Yamanaka1, Osamu Hori1
10 Apr 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a distributor containing an apparatus for suppressing noise is described, comprising a first spark discharging gap and a second spark discharge gap, both of which are located between the electrodes of a distributor rotor and a stationary terminal.
Abstract: A distributor containing an apparatus for suppressing noise is described, comprising a first spark discharging gap and a second spark discharging gap which exists close to the first spark discharging gap both of which are located between the electrodes of a distributor rotor and a stationary terminal, wherein the second spark discharging gap is formed through a dielectric member which is fixed to the distributor rotor and/or a stationary terminal, and the gap distance of the second spark discharging gap is shorter than that of the first spark discharging gap. The difference between the first spark discharging gap distance and the second spark discharging gap distance should be less than 3mm but greater than 0.2mm. Preferably, the difference should be less than 1.5mm but greater than 0.5mm.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a thermalization process that depends on both localized and channelized Ohmic heating of a plasma in a spark discharge is proposed, and a satisfactory quantitative description of a spark current pulse observed in a recent experiment by Barreto, Reynolds, and Jurenka is given in terms of the proposed process.
Abstract: A thermalization process that depends on both localized and channelized Ohmic heating of a plasma in a spark discharge is proposed. A satisfactory quantitative description of a spark current pulse observed in a recent experiment by Barreto, Reynolds, and Jurenka is given in terms of the proposed process.

21 citations


Patent
12 Jun 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus for controlling spark advance in an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle is described, characterized by a circuit arrangement which is operative to detect the angular speed of rotation of the engine output shaft in a digital fashion and produce digital signals responsive to changes in preselected operating conditions such as engine output speed and intake manifold vacuum for controlling the spark advance.
Abstract: An apparatus for controlling spark advance in an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle, characterized by a circuit arrangement which is operative to detect the angular speed of rotation of the engine output shaft in a digital fashion and produce digital signals responsive to changes in preselected operating conditions such as engine output speed and intake manifold vacuum for controlling the spark advance in accordance with predetermined schedules. The spark advance is thus controlled without being affected by negligible or incidental transient fluctuations in the operating conditions of the engine and the advance characteristics can be readily altered by varying the schedules on which the digital signals are produced.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the dependence of the half-width and the maximum power of the optical pulse on the many parameters which can be varied has been investigated in the context of nanosecond gas discharge light sources.
Abstract: In papers on nanosecond gas discharge light sources there has been no theoretical approach capable of describing the dependence of the half-width and the maximum power of the optical pulse on the many parameters which can be varied. On the basis of the theory of Weizel and Rompe (1947) extended to thermal plasmas, the author predicts at least the electric behaviour of the spark discharge in low-inductance circuits normally used for the generation of nanosecond light pulses.

12 citations


Patent
08 Jul 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a spark advance and retard system for an automobile engine is described, which retards the spark timing when the automobile is idling, accelerating or decelerating.
Abstract: A spark advance and retard system for an automobile engine advances the spark timing when the automobile is cruising, and retards the spark timing when the automobile is idling, accelerating or decelerating. A device which detects cruising of the automobile employs three electrical switches connected in series: the first is opened by actuation of the automobile brake pedal, the second is closed by actuation of the accelerator pedal, and the third is closed by high vacuum conditions in the engine intake system. When all three switches have been closed for a predetermined time interval, a timer device actuated electrically controlled valves to cause a pneumatic operator to advance the spark timing.

7 citations


Patent
16 Apr 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a spark source is disclosed having an analytical spark gap, a capacitor, a power supply for charging the capacitor, and an electronic switching tube connected in a series circuit between the capacitor and the spark gap.
Abstract: A spark source is disclosed having an analytical spark gap, a capacitor, a power supply for charging the capacitor, and an electronic switching tube connected in a series circuit between the capacitor and the spark gap. When the tube is rendered conductive by a triggering pulse or other signal, the capacitor is discharged through the spark gap and the switching tube, which carries the entire discharge current.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a spark cutting method using a stationary and a rotating disc has been developed for preparation of spherical samples, where maximum deviations from a perfect sphere of less than 0.1% can easily be obtained for samples with a diameter of 1-3 mm.
Abstract: A spark cutting method using a stationary and a rotating disc has been developed for preparation of spherical samples. Maximum deviations from a perfect sphere of less than 0.1% can easily be obtained for samples with a diameter of 1-3 mm.

5 citations


Patent
10 Apr 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a burner with a spark plug positioned adjacent to the fuel discharge is used to produce a rapidly repeating ignition spark through a circuit responding to a low voltage alternating current source by feeding an ignition coil connected to the spark plug.
Abstract: A burner igniting and sustaining arrangement includes a spark plug positioned adjacent the fuel discharge and which is caused to produce a rapidly repeating ignition spark through a circuit responding to a low voltage alternating current source by feeding an ignition coil connected to the spark plug.

5 citations



Patent
27 Mar 1975
TL;DR: In this article, a pair of main electrodes are disposed so as to cause a spark starting gap to be defined there between, and a single auxiliary electrode is also disposed to cause reignition in those interspaces between the auxiliary electrode and the respective main electrodes at positions distant from the starting gap.
Abstract: Within an arc extinguishing chamber are disposed a pair of main electrodes so as to cause a spark starting gap to be defined therebetween. A single auxiliary electrode is also disposed so as to cause reignition in those interspaces between the auxiliary electrode and the respective main electrodes at positions distant from said spark starting gap. Further, paths for supplying therethrough a heated gas to the reigniting spark gaps when the feet at one side of the arcs between the respective main electrodes and the auxiliary electrode have arrived at the prescribed points of the auxiliary electrode are provided.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the spark constant of Weizel and Rompe (1947) has been derived for low-inductance spark discharges, and almost quantitative agreement has been obtained between experimentally and theoretically determined values for Ar, Xe, and air.
Abstract: Calculations have been made of the spark constant of Weizel and Rompe (1947) which is an essential quantity of a theory describing the electric behaviour of low-inductance spark discharges. Modifications proposed earlier have been taken into account, and almost quantitative agreement has been obtained between experimentally and theoretically determined values for Ar, Xe, and air.

Patent
11 Nov 1975
TL;DR: In this article, a frame has upper and lower portions with a passage through each one, axially aligned and spaced apart by a recess in the frame extending laterally out to the outside of the frame, where a screw projecting from the ends of the upper passage can be turned by its upper end to lower and raise it.
Abstract: A frame has upper and lower portions with a passage through each one. The passages are axially aligned and spaced apart by a recess in the frame extending laterally out to the outside of the frame. A screw projecting from the ends of the upper passage can be turned by its upper end to lower and raise it. The lower passage will receive and hold the threaded end of a spark plug with its spark electrodes disposed in the frame recess directly beneath the screw, so that when a spark gap gauge is inserted between the electrodes the screw can be turned down to bend the upper electrode down as far as permitted by the gauge to thereby provide the required spark gap between the electrodes.

Patent
29 Oct 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the maximum electric field developed between the end surfaces of a pair of electrodes which are oppositely disposed to each other to form a spark gap there between is increased by substantially equilizing the electric field.
Abstract: Spark gap apparatuses are provided at the receiving end or the sending end of an electric power substation, in order to protect electric apparatus in the electric power substation against the surge voltage incoming from the power transmission lines. In the case where the gap of such a spark gas apparatus is placed in electronegative gas, for example SF6 gas, the spark voltage vs. spark time characteristic varies depending on the polarity of the surge voltage and thus the protecting performance of the spark gap apparatus is poor. The improvement in the protecting performance of the spark gap apparatus is provided by substantially equilizing the maximum electric field developed between the end surfaces of a pair of electrodes which are oppositely disposed to each other to form a spark gap therebetween.


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1975




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, special logical monostables were designed to overcome the problem of electrical energy radiated by spark chambers, which can trigger unwanted monstables that drive nixie tubes causing confusion on the spark-chamber photographs.


01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental characteristics of the charged particle recording efficiency, the actuation delay, and the fluctuation of the delay are discussed from the viewpoint of streamer theory of a gas discharge.
Abstract: The experimental characteristics of the charged-particle recording efficiency, the actuation delay, and the fluctuation of the actuation delay are given as functions of the voltage across the counter. These data are discussed from the standpoint of streamer theory of a gas discharge.


Patent
07 Oct 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, a more efficient operation of a spark source mass spectrometer is achieved by adjusting the position of the spark gap with respect to the ion optical system as well as the gap width.
Abstract: A more efficient operation of a spark source mass spectrometer is achieved by adjusting the position of the spark gap with respect to the ion optical system as well as the spark gap width. The adjustment of the position of the spark gap provides a more nearly constant ion beam axis ion illumination angle so that a more constant instrument sensitivity is maintained.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new design for a spark gap has been developed which produces centimetre long linear discharges, which is a nonlinear form of high voltage unconfined discharges.
Abstract: Generally, high voltage unconfined discharges are of nonlinear form. New designs for a spark gap have been developed which produce centimetre long linear discharges.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a readout system for spark chambers in strong magnetic fields is described, which is based on a simple single-wire readout scheme for a single spark chamber.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this article, Hartley and de Gramont used a spark source to excite solid samples and used the method for metallurgical analysis, which is considered to have originated about 1882 when W. N. Hartley, in Ireland, used a Spark source to determine beryllium.
Abstract: Quantitative spectrochemical analysis usually is considered to have originated about 1882 when W. N. Hartley, in Ireland, used a spark source to determine beryllium. In 1902, de Gramont, in France, used a spark to excite solid samples and used the method for metallurgical analysis.