Showing papers on "Spark (mathematics) published in 1987"

Spark plug testing under dynamic load

Abstract: A method of testing spark plugs in an engine is described. The engine is driven by its starter motor or other motor while ignition voltage is applied, the throttle is open and the fuel is cut off. This loads the spark plugs to reveal defects not otherwise apparent. Abnormally high or low plug peak voltages as well as abnormal arc durations are detected and counted and the counts are displayed. A microprocessor based measuring instrument coupled to capacitive pickups adjacent the spark plug wires and to the engine distributor evaluates the spark voltage and duration characteristics and displays the fault data.

Spark ignition timing control system for spark ignition internal combustion engine with quicker advance of spark advance in transition from anti-knock mode to MBI mode control operation

Abstract: A spark ignition timing control system takes a feature of storing spark advance angle data in MBT mode upon switching control mode from MBT mode to anti-knock level exceeding a predetermined level. The stored spark advance angle is read and set as initial spark advance angle upon resuming MBT mode control after anti-knock mode control. It may also be possible to vary the spark advance angle value to be used as initial spark advance angle in resumption of the MBT control according to variation of the spark advance angle in anti-knock mode control. Variation of the stored advance angle according to regarding magnitude of the spark advance in anti-knock mode will prevent the spark ignition timing control from causing hunting in switching of the control mode.

Internal combustion engine ignition system

Abstract: An ignition system for a distributorless internal combustion engine ignition system. Parameters related to the energization of a given ignition coil are stored and later utilized to control the dwell time for this same ignition coil. Another coil is energized and deenergized between the storing of parameters and the subsequent use of the parameters that relate to the given coil. The system causes a spark plug to be fired when a calculated spark timing signal is developed or at a time delayed from the occurrence of the calculated spark timing signal. Delayed spark plug firing occurs when certain conditions are not met prior to the time the calculated spark timing signal occurs. One of these conditions is that primary winding current has not attained a current limit value prior to the time that the calculated spark timing signal occurs.

Marine propulsion device with spark timing and fuel supply control mechanism

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a marine propulsion device comprising a propulsion unit including a rotatably supported propeller, and an engine drivingly connected to said propeller and comprising an engine block, a spark timing control mechanism rotatably supported by the engine block for spark advancing and retarding movement between a minimum spark advance position and a maximum spark advance position, a throttle supported by the engine block for movement between idle and full speed positions, a control lever supported by the engine block for movement in opposite directions and adapted to be connected to an operator controlled actuating member, and a control linkage connected to the lever and to the throttle and to the spark timing control mechanism, and operative in response to control lever movement, for displacing the throttle from the idle position to a first intermediate position between the idle and the full speed positions without displacing the spark advance position, for displacing the throttle from the first intermediate position to a second intermediate position between the first intermediate position and the full speed position and for simultaneously displacing the spark timing control mechanism to the maximum spark advance position, and for thereafter displacing the throttle from the second intermediate position and toward the full speed position without displacing the spark timing control mechanism from the maximum spark advance position.

Marine propulsion device with spark timing and fuel supply control mechanism

Abstract: A marine propulsion device comprising a propulsion unit including a rotatably mounted propeller, and an engine drivingly connected to the propeller and comprising an engine block, a spark timing mechanism, a fuel supply mechanism, a control lever supported by the engine block, a mechanism for displacing the fuel supply mechanism from an idle setting to a full speed setting in response to movement of the control lever from an idle position to a full speed position, and a spark timing control mechanism for permitting movement of the control lever from the idle position to a first intermediate position without displacing the spark timing mechanism from a minimum spark advance setting, for displacing the spark timing mechanism from the minimum spark advance setting to a maximum spark advance setting in response to movement of the control lever from the first intermediate position to a second intermediate position, and for displacing the spark timing mechanism from the maximum spark advance setting to an intermediate spark advance setting in response to movement of the control lever from the second intermediate position to the full speed position.

Multipoint spark ignition system

Abstract: A multipoint spark ignition system for an internal combustion engine. The head of each cylinder of the engine is provided with at least three openings, the axes of which intersect within the cylinder. A spark plug is threaded within each opening, and each spark plug includes a single electrode. The inner end of each electrode carries a thin metallic, laterally extending disc, and the peripheral edges of the discs are spaced apart to provide spark gaps. A first spark plug of the series is connected to the ignition coil of the engine, while the electrode of the last spark plug in the series is connected to ground and the electrodes of the intermediate spark plugs are capacitively loaded.

Magnetic Confinement and Control of Trajectories of Discharge Species in Atmospheric-Pressure Analytical Spark Discharges

Abstract: A series of experiments, designed to help characterize the behavior of an analytical spark discharge in an external pulsed magnetic field, is described. Results include controlled formation and deformation of a spark's post-discharge torus utilizing different magnetic field configurations. One manifestation of this research was discovery of a new filamentary structure which extends from the spark conducting channel to the magnet pole face(s). These features were investigated via their refracted light (Schlieren) and spectroscopic (time/space/wavelength-resolved) properties. Practical ramifications of this control are discussed.

Electrical monitoring device for enabling the identification of the working phases of a cylinder of a controlled-ignition internal combustion engine

Abstract: The device enables the identification of the working phases of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine having a spark ignition system (1-5) with a con­ductive line (4) for the spark plug (2) of each cylinder, through which a high-voltage pulse is applied period­ically to the plug (2) to generate a spark. The monitoring device includes a signal pick-up member (6) of electrically conductive material which can be coupled to a portion of the conductive line (4) in a capacitive coupling relationship.

High-Voltage Spark Spectra: Utility as a Function of Temporal and Spatial Resolution

Abstract: The utility of the high-voltage spark discharge as an analytical emission source is considered. Temporal and spatial windowing was used to reiterate well-documented characteristics of heterogeneities of the spark plasma in both time and space. Cathodes of pure magnesium and aluminum 2024 alloy were used as samples. It was shown that by using a unidirectional current waveform, and by selecting a spatial position off of the interelectrode axis, at times late in the plasma lifetime, one can obtain relatively clean emission spectra (high signal-to-background ratio). This is in contrast to recent literature reports which suggest that the high-voltage spark exclusively produces spectra which are complex and which demonstrate poor background characteristics. The dynamic range of the spark is also demonstrated to be somewhat larger than the cited work suggests. The implications of various methods of presenting experimental results for such data are discussed.

Spark Breakdown of Particulate Clouds: A New Testing Device

Abstract: A uniform cloud of particles is generated electrostatically between parallel plates of a capacitor. The particulate cloud is then triggered for spark breakdown by a high-speed injected needle electrode. The relevant characteristic times of the spark (first and second spark pulse times and time to ignition) are compared with event times associated with needle penetration and residence times and particle collision time to infer cloud disturbance effects caused by the needle. Both open (with particle diffusion) and closed systems of cloud confinement are discussed. The advantages of this electrostatically controlled sparking system include the uniformity of the clouds produced and the ease of measurement of the particle number density. Applications of this method are spark breakdown and ignition testing of inert or combustible particle and gas mixtures.

Spark ignition safety system for a gas barbeque

Abstract: A spark ignition safety system for a gas barbeque. The system comprises an external electrode secured to the bottom of the grill and positioned in proximity to a portion of the lid so that when the spark generator is actuated, a spark will be generated only externally when the lid is closed and only internally, through the normal internal spark generating electrode near the gas burner element, when the lid is open. The spark ingition safety system in accordance with the present invention minimizes the chance of the gas barbeque blowing up or catching on fire when an operator attempts to light the barbeque by manipulation of the spark generator without lifting the lid.

Channel spark switches located in 30 pieces per metre

Abstract: The utility model relates to a separate channel spark switch positioned in 30 pieces per meter, belonging to the field of the spark discharge switch formed with the electric pulse Thirty separate spark gaps whose electrode gaps can be regulated are arranged in strip shape electrode pairs with one meter length, and triggered devices are arranged correspondingly at both sides of each pair of spark electrodes The channel can be sealed and can be filled with the flowing high-voltage nitrogen gas The separate multi-channel spark switch has the advantages of low inductance for discharge loop, stable conduction and long life time, the spark gaps can be regulated, and the utility model can be used for various transversal discharge lasers serving as the multi-channel switch

Spark gap for generating shock waves

Abstract: The invention relates to a spark gap for generating shock waves for the contactless destruction of concrements in the body of living beings. In order to improve formation of the spark channel, the spark gap comprises an auxiliary electrode around the spark channel of the main electrodes.

Direct-injection type diesel engine with spark assist

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent a misfire at the time of low load from occurring, by forming a bottom surface of a direct combustion chamber so as to be shallowed in an angular range inclusive of the position of a spark plug. CONSTITUTION:A direct combustion chamber 12 is formed into a cylindrical form to be opened at an upper end, and a bottom surface in an angular range inclusive of the position of a spark plug 20 is made to be shallower than a bottom surface 24 in any other angular range. In consequence, even if the fuel sprayed toward the spark plug 20 is little, an air-fuel mixture in and around the spark plug 20 comes to richness, whereby the spark plug 20 produces a spark in a part of the rich mixture. Therefore, even in a period when an injection quantity of fuel out of a fuel injection nozzle 14 is little as in time of low load, ignition by the spark plug 20 is surely carried out, so that a misfire is avoidable.

Improvement of the Extraction Channels of the CERN-SPS Accelerator

Abstract: Extraction tests made between 1979 and 1981 revealed that after a certain time of operation, 15 minutes to a few hours depending on the accelerator settings, the spark rate of the electrostatic septa, which are the first deflecting devices of the SPS extraction channels, increased strongly and the losses per extracted proton tripled. It was then demonstrated that heavy losses resulted in short circuits in the 15 kV ion-traps and the occasional loss of a 300 kV feedthrough. These effects limited the upper intensity which could be extracted reliably at 450 GeV/c to roughly 1 x lOi protons per pulse for both fastresonant and slow-resonant extraction.

Spark monitoring device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an inexpensive, reliable device which is easily handled and to prolong its life by using a photodetection diode as a spark detector. CONSTITUTION:The photodetection diode 1 as the spark detector, a rectifying circuit, a DC amplifier 3, a current amplifier 4, an indicator 5, etc., are provided. Then, the diode 1 generates a pulse signal 1 proportional to the size of a spark and the circuit 2 converts the signal 1a into an analog signal 2a. Then the signal 2a is amplified 4 by amplifiers 3 and 4 to a level high enough to drive the indicator 5. The meter of the indicator 5 is driven with the amplified 4 signal 4a and the size of the spark is displayed. In this case, as the diode 1 which generates the signal 1a is a semiconductor, stable characteristics and long life are obtained, while the size is small, and the handling is easy.

Laser spark for use in ophthalmology

Abstract: A YAG:Nd3+ laser, emitting one of two wavelengths under Q-switching or mode-locking conditions, was investigated from the point of view of its possible use in ophthalmology. A lens with a focal length of 2 cm was used to generate sparks in various media (air, tap and distilled water, physiological solution). A statistical analysis was made of the dependence of the pulse energy in front of the spark on the energy behind the spark and the threshold energies needed for optical breakdown were calculated. A piezoelectric transducer was used in an investigation of shock waves generated by a spark. The peak pressures measured in this way were compared with the results of theoretical calculations carried out using two different approximations; a good agreement was obtained between the experimental and theoretical estimates for distances of the order of 1 cm.

Ignition controller for two-cycle internal combustion engine

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make a fast combustion speed securable and a torque variation smaller, by performing discharge with plural spark plugs at the time of transient driving when being mutually selected between a least a self ignition driving range and a spark ignition driving range. CONSTITUTION:An electronic control unit (ECU) 80 discriminates a warming-up state by exhaust temperature and cooling water temperature, and if it is out of a spark ignition range of this warming-up state, it discriminates an engine speed variation in succession, and when the speed variation is large enough, ignition signals Igt1 and Igt2 both are set to H, whereby discharge takes place out of both spark plugs 120a and 120b. On the other hand, when the speed variation is small, both these ignition signals Igt1 and Igt2 are set to L, for example, at the time of light load according to the load, stopping the spark ignition, and at the time of medium load, these Igt1 and Igt2 signals are set to L whereby the spark ignition by the spark plug 120a alone takes place, but at the time of high load, these Igt1 and Igt2 signals both are set to H, and two point ignition takes place. Thus, a fast combustion speed is obtained, a torque variation is reduced, and discharge energy is economizable as well.

A circular saw attachment for use in spark machining

Abstract: A circular saw attachment is described that can be fitted to a standard Metals Research spark machine. The device gives speedy deep cutting of metallic samples whilst retaining the advantages of spark erosion.

Spark monitor for collector

Abstract: PURPOSE:To exactly monitor spark, by receiving spark noise and external noise with a first antenna of two electromagnetic wave receiving antennas arranged near collector rings and brushes, and external noise with a second antenna, and by finding out the difference between the both receptions CONSTITUTION:Direct current obtained by rectifying an AC power source 12 is fed to bush rings 5 via exciting wires 14 The direct current is fed from the bush rings 5 to collector rings 1, 2 via lead wires 4 and brushes 3 Near the bush rings 5, an electromagnetic wave receiving antenna 7 is set, and noise due to spark generated by the brushes 3 and external noise are received Outside a shielded locker section 6, an antenna 8 receiving the external noise only is set The outputs of the antennas 7, 8 are input to a noise detecting section via a connector 9, and when the output different is a specified value or more, then an alarm 11 is driven As a result, the spark monitoring of high reliability is performed

Spark amplification unit for an ignition device

Abstract: The spark amplification unit is formed by a capacitor which is connected in series with a spark gap having an electrode separation between 0.05 and 0.2 mm. This series circuit of a capacitor and spark gap is connected in parallel with the spark plug.