Spark (mathematics)

About: Spark (mathematics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7304 publications have been published within this topic receiving 63322 citations.

Powertrain control module spark duration diagnostic system

Abstract: A system and method for diagnosing ignition system performance of an internal combustion engine. The method operates an engine control unit to produce a sequence of spark ignition current pulses through primary windings of a plurality of ignition coils. The current pulses produce voltage pulses across electrodes of the spark plugs. The voltage pulses produce flyback voltages across the primary windings. Output pulses are produced in response to the flyback voltages having time durations related to the time durations of the sparks produced by the spark plugs. Digital signal are produced in response to each one of the output pulses representative of the spark time duration of a corresponding one of the sparks. A comparison of the digital signals determines whether the spark time duration of one of the spark plugs is substantially different from the spark time durations of the other ones of the plurality of spark plugs.

Electronically controlled spectrographic spark source.

Abstract: IN the past two decades, various types of high-voltage spectrographic spark sources have been developed, such as the so-called uncontrolled1, mechanically controlled2,3, auxiliary spark gap controlled4,5 and electronically controlled6–8 types.

Characterization of a copper spark discharge plasma in argon atmosphere used for nanoparticle generation

Abstract: Spark discharge nanoparticle generation is a dynamically developing application of discharge plasmas. In the present study a spark plasma used for nanoparticle generation is characterized by means of spatially and temporally resolved optical emission spectroscopy (OES) supplemented by fast imaging. The data acquired during the generation of copper nanoparticles in argon ambient is used to describe the spatial and temporal evolution of the species in the spark gap and to derive plasma parameters such as excitation temperature and electron concentration on one hand, and the concentration of the Cu species eroded by a single spark on the other. It is shown that temporally and spatially resolved OES together with a simple equilibrium model are efficient tools to estimate the characteristics of the spark discharge plasma that typically exists in spark discharge nanoparticle generators.

Safety assessment of natural gas storage tank using similarity aggregation method based fuzzy fault tree analysis (SAM-FFTA) approach

Abstract: Fault tree analysis (FTA) is an important method to analyze the failure causes of engineering systems and evaluate their safety and reliability. In practical application, the probabilities of bottom events in FTA are usually estimated according to the opinions of experts or engineers because it is difficult to obtain sufficient probability data of bottom events in fault tree. However, in many cases, there are many experts with different opinions or different forms of opinions. How to reasonably aggregate expert opinions is a challenge for the engineering application of fault tree method. In this study, a fuzzy fault tree analysis approach based on similarity aggregation method (SAM-FFTA) has been proposed. This method combines SAM with fuzzy set theory and can handled comprehensively diverse forms of opinions of different experts to obtain the probabilities of bottom events in fault tree. Finally, for verifying the applicability and flexibility of the proposed method, a natural gas spherical storage tank with a volume of 10,000 m3 was analyzed, and the importance of each bottom event was determined. The results show that flame, lightning spark, electrostatic spark, impact spark, mechanical breakdown and deformation/breakage have the most significant influence on the explosion of the natural gas spherical storage tank.