Topic
Spatial filter
About: Spatial filter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6170 publications have been published within this topic receiving 100451 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the recent advances of the spatial filtering using the photonic crystals in different propagation regimes and for different geometries is presented, and the most evident configuration of filtering in Bragg regime (with the back-reflection) as well as in Laue regime with forward deflection.
Abstract: Photonic crystals are well known for their celebrated photonic band-gaps—the forbidden frequency ranges, for which the light waves cannot propagate through the structure. The frequency (or chromatic) band-gaps of photonic crystals can be utilized for frequency filtering. In analogy to the chromatic band-gaps and the frequency filtering, the angular band-gaps and the angular (spatial) filtering are also possible in photonic crystals. In this article, we review the recent advances of the spatial filtering using the photonic crystals in different propagation regimes and for different geometries. We review the most evident configuration of filtering in Bragg regime (with the back-reflection—i.e., in the configuration with band-gaps) as well as in Laue regime (with forward deflection—i.e., in the configuration without band-gaps). We explore the spatial filtering in crystals with different symmetries, including axisymmetric crystals; we discuss the role of chirping, i.e., the dependence of the longitudinal period along the structure. We also review the experimental techniques to fabricate the photonic crystals and numerical techniques to explore the spatial filtering. Finally, we discuss several implementations of such filters for intracavity spatial filtering.
89 citations
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TL;DR: This model appears to have more utility for practical filter design than the commonly used transmission-line model and is qualitatively consistent with a coupled-dipole model.
Abstract: An array of square apertures in a conducting film behaves as a high-pass filter element. By contrast, an array of cross-shaped apertures exhibits bandpass behavior. We have investigated experimentally how variations in the pattern periodicity, the crossarm width, and the separation between the crosses alter the spectral behavior. We find that these bandpass filters can have excellent peak transmission and good shortwave rejection. The wavelength of peak transmission is determined by the length of the crossarm (and not by the array period itself), while the bandwidth is determined chiefly by coupling between the crosses. These results are qualitatively consistent with a coupled-dipole model. This model appears to have more utility for practical filter design than the commonly used transmission-line model.
88 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the current generation of aperture masking observations of young solar-type stars, taken carefully in excellent observing conditions, are consistent with being limited by temporal phase noise and photon noise.
Abstract: Bispectrum phase, closure phase and their generalisation to kernel-phase are all independent of pupil-plane phase errors to first-order. This property, when used with Sparse Aperture Masking (SAM) behind adaptive optics, has been used recently in high-contrast observations at or inside the formal diffraction limit of large telescopes. Finding the limitations to these techniques requires an understanding of spatial and temporal third-order phase effects, as well as effects such as time-variable dispersion when coupled with the non-zero bandwidths in real observations. In this paper, formulae describing many of these errors are developed, so that a comparison can be made to fundamental noise processes of photon- and background-noise. I show that the current generation of aperture-masking observations of young solar-type stars, taken carefully in excellent observing conditions, are consistent with being limited by temporal phase noise and photon noise. This has relevance for plans to combine pupil-remapping with spatial filtering. Finally, I describe calibration strategies for kernel-phase, including the optimised calibrator weighting as used for LkCa 15, and the restricted kernel-phase POISE technique that avoids explicit dependence on calibrators.
87 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that a nearly degenerate four-wave mixing process is capable of yielding a real-time optical bandpass filter that has a large field of view and is able to provide an amplified bandpass.
Abstract: It is shown that a nearly degenerate four-wave mixing process is capable of yielding a real-time optical bandpass filter. The filter has a large field of view and is capable of providing an amplified bandpass. Moreover, the conjugate nature of the output field can be utilized to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the device. For a 1-cm interaction length in a nondispersive medium, the optical bandpass at 5000 A can be varied from ~9 GHz down to the linewidth of the exciting laser.
87 citations
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29 Jan 2009TL;DR: In this paper, a compact and versatile multi-spot inspection imaging system employs an objective for focusing an array of radiation beams to a surface and a second reflective or refractive objective having a large numerical aperture for collecting scattered radiation from the array of illuminated spots.
Abstract: A compact and versatile multi-spot inspection imaging system employs an objective for focusing an array of radiation beams to a surface and a second reflective or refractive objective having a large numerical aperture for collecting scattered radiation from the array of illuminated spots. The scattered radiation from each illuminated spot is focused to a corresponding optical fiber channel so that information about a scattering may be conveyed to a corresponding detector in a remote detector array for processing. For patterned surface inspection, a cross-shaped filter is rotated along with the surface to reduce the effects of diffraction by Manhattan geometry. A spatial filter in the shape of an annular aperture may also be employed to reduce scattering from patterns such as arrays on the surface. In another embodiment, different portions of the same objective may be used for focusing the illumination beams onto the surface and for collecting the scattered radiation from the illuminated spots simultaneously. In another embodiment, a one-dimensional array of illumination beams are directed at an oblique angle to the surface to illuminate a line of illuminated spots at an angle to the plane of incidence. Radiation scattered from the spots are collected along directions perpendicular to the line of spots or in a double dark field configuration.
87 citations