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Spatial light modulator

About: Spatial light modulator is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9043 publications have been published within this topic receiving 130143 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A full-range complex and transmissive spatial light modulator (SLM) for simultaneous and independent amplitude and phase modulation of an input wave field of arbitrary scalar complex optical fields is demonstrated.
Abstract: We demonstrate a full-range complex and transmissive spatial light modulator (SLM) for simultaneous and independent amplitude and phase modulation of an input wave field. Arbitrary scalar complex optical fields are generated by stacking a pixelated liquid crystal display operating in phase-only (2π) modulation with passive polarization-sensitive components. The principle is based on optical combining the light fields of two neighboring phase-only modulating pixels, which were made orthogonally polarized by a structured half-wave plate, then passing through a birefringent plate to laterally shift one of the beams collinear to the other, and finally bringing to interference by a linear polarizer. Complex modulation by the proposed SLM is experimentally verified in monochrome green operation.

120 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
11 Jul 2016
TL;DR: The holographic optical elements (HOEs) as transparent additive layers are almost free from diffraction unlike spatial light modulator layers, which makes this additive light field display more advantageous when modifying the number of layers, thickness, and pixel density compared with conventional compressive displays.
Abstract: We propose a see-through additive light field display as a novel type of compressive light field display. We utilize holographic optical elements (HOEs) as transparent additive layers. The HOE layers are almost free from diffraction unlike spatial light modulator layers, which makes this additive light field display more advantageous when modifying the number of layers, thickness, and pixel density compared with conventional compressive displays. Meanwhile, the additive light field display maintains advantages of compressive light field displays. The proposed additive light field display shows bright and full-color volumetric images in high definition. In addition, users can view real-world scenes beyond the displays. Hence, we expect that our method can contribute to the realization of augmented reality. Here, we describe implementation of a prototype additive light field display with two additive layers, evaluate the performance of transparent HOE layers, describe several results of display experiments, discuss the diffraction effect of spatial light modulators, and analyze the ability of the additive light field display to express uncorrelated light fields.

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss two different schemes for confocal imaging using the programmable array microscope (PAM) using a spatial light modulator (SLM) to generate a pattern of conjugate illumination and detection elements.
Abstract: The programmable array microscope (PAM) uses a spatial light modulator (SLM) to generate an arbitrary pattern of conjugate illumination and detection elements. The SLM dissects the fluorescent light imaged by the objective into a focal conjugate image, Ic, formed by the ‘in-focus’ light, and a nonconjugate image, Inc, formed by the ‘out-of-focus’ light. We discuss two different schemes for confocal imaging using the PAM. In the first, a grid of points is shifted to scan the complete image. The second, faster approach, uses a short tiled pseudorandom sequence of two-dimensional patterns. In the first case, Ic is analogous to a confocal image and Inc to a conventional image minus Ic. In the second case Ic and Inc are the sum and the difference, respectively, of a conventional and a confocal image. The pseudorandom sequence approach requires post-processing to retrieve the confocal part, but generates significantly higher signal levels for an equivalent integration time.

119 citations

Patent
23 Aug 1984
TL;DR: In this article, a Schlierin optical system is used to display images of individual deformable mirror cells on a display screen, and the intensity of these screen images corresponds to the amount of deformation of the corresponding mirror cell.
Abstract: The projection display (100) of the present invention uses a light source (101 an optical system (102to 108,110,113 and 113), a spatial light modulator (109) and a display screen (1410). In the preferred embodiment, the spatial light modulator (109) is in the form of a deformable mirror device having a plurality of individual cells (1012) whose deformation may be individually controlled. A Schlierin optical system (106) enables projection on the display screen of images of the individual deformable mirror cells (1012). The intensity of these screen images corresponds to the amount of deformation of the corresponding mirror cell. Color displays can be formed employing multiple deformable mirror devices (109, 117 and 122) with color filters (114, 118 and 123). A three-dimensional display can be formed by several methods which provide a slightly different display to the eyes ofthe observer. In the preferred embodiment, the deformable mirror device (109) includes a drive system (800) which automatically refreshs the individual deformable mirror cells thus reducing the need for data transmission to sustain the display. This drive requires data only for the sections of the display where alteration is desired.

118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Six hologram generation techniques are tested in the creation of a variety of modes as well as a photographic image: rating the methods according to obtained mode quality and power.
Abstract: Whether in art or for QR codes, images have proven to be both powerful and efficient carriers of information. Spatial light modulators allow an unprecedented level of control over the generation of optical fields by using digital holograms. There is no unique way of obtaining a desired light pattern however, leaving many competing methods for hologram generation. In this paper, we test six hologram generation techniques in the creation of a variety of modes as well as a photographic image: rating the methods according to obtained mode quality and power. All techniques compensate for a non-uniform mode profile of the input laser and incorporate amplitude scaling. We find that all methods perform well and stress the importance of appropriate spatial filtering. We expect these results to be of interest to those working in the contexts of microscopy, optical trapping or quantum image creation.

118 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023137
2022321
2021266
2020451
2019460
2018452