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Spectral acceleration
About: Spectral acceleration is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1223 publications have been published within this topic receiving 39329 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a Monte Carlo-based approach is used for the analysis of seismic hazard spectra in the context of earthquake ground motion in a broad range of applications, such as engineering design, assessment of earthquake risk to portfolios of assets within the insurance and reinsurance sectors, and effective mitigation via public policy in the form of urban zoning and building design code formulation.
Abstract: Since its inception in the 1960s, probabilistic seismic‐hazard analysis (PSHA) (Cornell, 1968; McGuire, 2004, 2008) has emerged as the principal methodology for assessing the potential hazard posed by earthquake ground motion in a broad range of contexts. Seismic‐hazard analysis serves different needs coming from a wide spectrum of users and applications. These may encompass engineering design, assessment of earthquake risk to portfolios of assets within the insurance and reinsurance sectors, engineering seismological research, and effective mitigation via public policy in the form of urban zoning and building design code formulation.
End users of seismic‐hazard analyses from different sectors of industry may often have specific requirements in terms of the types of results and, as a consequence, in terms of the methodologies preferred for calculation. A large majority of studies for the analysis of structural and geotechnical systems require the calculation of a target response spectrum derived from PSHA results (e.g., Lin et al. , 2013). Often the calculation of uniform hazard spectra is performed in conjunction with a disaggregation analysis, which in the simplest cases highlights the combinations of magnitude and distances, providing the largest contributions to a specific level of hazard for a particular intensity measure type, such as the spectral acceleration for a period close to the fundamental elastic period of a structure (Bazzurro and Cornell, 1999; Pagani and Marcellini, 2007). In contrast, in the insurance sector it is more common to use stochastic methodologies (e.g., Weatherill and Burton, 2010; Musson, 2012) to produce multiple realizations of the likely earthquake activity that may be pertinent to a portfolio of assets. Monte Carlo–based methods can provide results in a form that offers a practical comparison with past events and can better account for the temporal and spatial variability of earthquake shaking occurring on a distributed set …
450 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a semi-empirical predictive relationship for estimating permanent displacements due to earthquake-induced deviatoric deformations is presented, which utilizes a nonlinear fully coupled stick-slip sliding block model to capture the dynamic performance of an earth dam, natural slope, compacted earth fill, or municipal solid waste landfill.
Abstract: A simplified semiempirical predictive relationship for estimating permanent displacements due to earthquake-induced deviatoric deformations is presented. It utilizes a nonlinear fully coupled stick-slip sliding block model to capture the dynamic performance of an earth dam, natural slope, compacted earth fill, or municipal solid-waste landfill. The primary source of uncertainty in assessing the likely performance of an earth/waste system during an earthquake is the input ground motion. Hence, a comprehensive database containing 688 recorded ground motions is used to compute seismic displacements. A seismic displacement model is developed that captures the primary influence of the system’s yield coefficient ( ky ) , its initial fundamental period ( Ts ) , and the ground motion’s spectral acceleration at a degraded period equal to 1.5 Ts . The model separates the probability of “zero” displacement (i.e., ⩽1 cm ) occurring from the distribution of “nonzero” displacement, so that very low values of calculated...
425 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the past 30 years of ground motion estimation relation studies is presented, which shows that little agreement has been reached in the past 20 years in relation studies.
422 citations
TL;DR: In this article, four NGA models and the NGA ground motion database are used to measure the correlations between spectral acceleration values at multiple periods or orientations, and predictive equations are fit to the results.
Abstract: Ground motion models (or “attenuation relationships”) describe the probability distribution of spectral acceleration at an individual period, given a set of predictor variables such as magnitude and distance, but they do not address the correlations between spectral acceleration values at multiple periods or orientations. Those correlations are needed for several calculations related to seismic hazard analysis and ground motion selection. Four NGA models and the NGA ground motion database are used here to measure these correlations, and predictive equations are fit to the results. The equations are valid for periods from 0.01 seconds to 10 seconds, versus similar previous equations that were valid only between 0.05 and 5 seconds and produced unreasonable results if extrapolated. Use of the new NGA ground motion database also facilitates a first study of correlations from intra- and inter-event residuals. Observed correlations are not sensitive to the choice of accompanying ground motion model, and intra-event, inter-event, and total residuals all exhibit similar correlation structure. A single equation is thus applicable for a variety of correlation predictions. A simple example illustrates the use of the proposed equations for one hazard analysis application. DOI: 10.1193/1.2857544
421 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used ground motions observed during seven past earthquakes to estimate correlations between spatially distributed spectral accelerations at various spectral periods, which is required for the joint prediction of ground-motion intensities at multiple sites.
Abstract: Risk assessment of spatially distributed building portfolios or infrastructure systems requires quantification of the joint occurrence of ground-motion intensities at several sites, during the same earthquake. The ground-motion models that are used for site-specific hazard analysis do not provide information on the spatial correlation between ground-motion intensities, which is required for the joint prediction of intensities at multiple sites. Moreover, researchers who have previously computed these correlations using observed ground-motion recordings differ in their estimates of spatial correlation. In this paper, ground motions observed during seven past earthquakes are used to estimate correlations between spatially distributed spectral accelerations at various spectral periods. Geostatistical tools are used to quantify and express the observed correlations in a standard format. The estimated correlation model is also compared with previously published results, and apparent discrepancies among the previous results are explained. The analysis shows that the spatial correlation reduces with increasing separation between the sites of interest. The rate of decay of correlation typically decreases with increasing spectral acceleration period. At periods longer than 2 s, the correlations were similar for all the earthquake ground motions considered. At shorter periods, however, the correlations were found to be related to the local-site conditions (as indicated by site V s 30 values) at the ground-motion recording stations. The research work also investigates the assumption of isotropy used in developing the spatial correlation models. It is seen using the Northridge and Chi-Chi earthquake time histories that the isotropy assumption is reasonable at both long and short periods. Based on the factors identified as influencing the spatial correlation, a model is developed that can be used to select appropriate correlation estimates for use in practical risk assessment problems.
372 citations