Showing papers on "Sperm motility published in 1971"
TL;DR: In the case of various salt solutions used for testes maceration, inhibition of sperm motility was primarily a function of the ionic strength, however, there was some specificity in the salt employed as KCl and CaCl 2 solutions gave anomalous results in comparison with those obtained with other salt solutions.
175 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the importance of sperm motility, particularly in relation to the establishment of the cervical population of spermatozoa, after insemination at the level of the internal cervical os, particularly following the use of motile spermatoza.
Abstract: Summary. Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of site of insemination, sperm motility and contractions of the genital tract on the transport of spermatozoa in the ewe. In the first experiment, the proportion of ewes from which spermatozoa were recovered from the Fallopian tubes was reduced, both in ewes receiving oxytocin (1 \m=.\0or 10\m=.\0i.u., intramuscularly) and in those in which only shallow insemination could be achieved. The second experiment examined the effects of sperm motility (live versus dead spermatozoa), inhibition of genital tract contractions (halothane anaesthesia : \m=-\,+ ) and stimulation of genital tract contractions (oxytocin injections: \m=-\,+). Sperm motility was found to be the most important factor affecting transport through the cervix. Oxytocin had little effect, but following insemination with immotile spermatozoa, inhibition of genital tract contractions reduced the number of spermatozoa recovered from both the cranial cervix and Fallopian tubes. The effects of site of insemination (external versus internal cervical os) and sperm motility (live versus dead spermatozoa) were examined in the third experiment. Few spermatozoa were found between the mucosal folds of the cervix when immotile spermatozoa were used. Large numbers of spermatozoa were recovered from both the cervix and Fallopian tubes after insemination at the level of the internal cervical os, particularly following the use of motile spermatozoa. The results demonstrate the importance of sperm motility, particularly in relation to the establishment of the cervical population ofspermatozoa.
41 citations
TL;DR: The range of values for number and motility of sperm recovered from the oviducts overlapped between treated and control groups within experiments suggesting that these factors alone were not responsible for the observed inhibition of fertilization.
Abstract: The numbers of sperm and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the motility and progression of the sperm were determined in flushings from the reproductive tract at 7 and 15 hr postinsemination of 28 rabbits in two experimental trials. In Trial 1, isoimmunization with semen as compared with seminal plasma resulted in a trend for fewer sperm to be recovered from the oviducts, significant decreases in motility of sperm from the oviduct, and in progression of sperm recovered from the uterus and a prevention of fertilization (0.0 vs 90%). Insemination of nonimmune rabbits in Trial 2 with semen treated with isoantiserum against semen in comparison to isoantiserum against seminal plasma caused significant decreases in sperm numbers recovered from the oviduct, uterus, and vagina; a decrease in sperm motility in vaginal flushings; a reduced progression of uterine sperm, and an inhibition of fertilization (12.5 vs 95.6%). Leukocyte numbers were influenced by treatment only in vaginal samples of both groups. The range of values for number and motility of sperm recovered from the oviducts overlapped between treated and control groups within experiments suggesting that these factors alone were not responsible for the observed inhibition of fertilization. Correlation coefficients were calculated among the variables in both experimental trials.
37 citations
TL;DR: Findings on the influence of copper and iron on human sperm motility were investigated in vitro under contraceptive aspects and consideration of these findings as the basis for new chemo-mechanical methods of vaginal contraception is discussed.
35 citations
TL;DR: A striking stimulation of motility and capacitation of the sperm was found and the lysosomal enzyme, β-glucuronidase, which is widely distributed in mammalian tissue including cells of the ovarian follicle, was tested and it was found that this enzyme duplicated the effect of the l Lysosomal preparation.
Abstract: CAPACITATION, or the ability for immediate penetration of the ovum, occurs when epididymal sperm of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) are incubated in the presence of follicular fluid1–3. Yanagimachi has reported that sperm motility is maintained by a dialysate of detoxified bovine follicular fluid, but capacitation of the sperm does not occur unless a water-soluble non-dialysable fraction is also provided4. The chemical nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Because ovarian follicles, particularly those in atresia, are known to contain lysosomal enzymes5, we investigated the effect of a lysosomal preparation from beef liver on hamster epididymal sperm. Finding a striking stimulation of motility and capacitation of the sperm, we went on to test the lysosomal enzyme, β-glucuronidase, which is widely distributed in mammalian tissue including cells of the ovarian follicle6. We found that this enzyme duplicated the effect of the lysosomal preparation, as we shall now describe.
28 citations
TL;DR: Spermatozoa resemble other animal cells in their ability to stabilize cell volume through the active maintenance of intra- and extracellular distribution of Na + and K + .
23 citations
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: Since bull semen was first frozen by Polge et al. (1949), efforts to develop frozen semen for these two species have been confounded by good sperm motility after freezing, but practically no offspring have resulted from insemination.
Abstract: Since bull semen was first frozen by Polge et al. (1949) sperm motility has been the major criterion for evaluation of the effectiveness of the freezing process. For bull semen motility is generally considered a fairly reliable indication of the fertilizing capabilities of fresh or frozen semen. However the reliability of motility as an index of semen fertility is swiftly eroded when we move to other economically important species, particularly swine and turkeys. Efforts to develop frozen semen for these two species have been confounded by good sperm motility after freezing, but practically no offspring have resulted from insemination.
14 citations
TL;DR: It appears likely that Ca2+ enters the cell only after energy sources are depleted, and its presence there causes structural and permeability changes in spermatozoa.
Abstract: SummaryCa2+ was added to a buffered medium containing various combinations of K+, fructose, CN-, ouabain, and BSA. Constant osmolarity, pH, and temperature of the incubation media were maintained. Without K+ in the medium, Ca2+ limited the duration of rapid swelling of spermatozoa by causing early onset of shrinkage to about 90% of initial cell volume. Shrinkage occurred sooner as the Ca2+ level increased, and was associated with a fuzzy microscopic appearance of the sperm cells. Addition of 2.25 to 3.0 mM K+, and to a lesser extent 1.0 mM of fructose, delayed the onset of swelling and subsequent shrinkage associated with Ca2+ alone. This delay also was observed in a variety of media which promoted good sperm motility. BSA was able to counteract the effects of Ca2+, but this was abolished by addition of CN-. Fructose overcame the CN- effect, indicating that the process is energy related. It appears likely that Ca2+ enters the cell only after energy sources are depleted, and its presence there causes struc...
13 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: When urea in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was introduced into the vagina of 10 parous women shortly before coitus no live sperm were found 8-12 hours after coitus.
Abstract: The in-vitro effect of an aqueous solution of urea on sperm and eggs was studied. Urea caused inhibition of human and rat sperm motility and death. Time was dependent on concentration. At low concentrations of urea the zona pellucida of freshly recovered rabbit eggs became shrunken and dark. At higher concentrations the entire egg looked like a solid opaque degenerated mass. When urea in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was introduced into the vagina of 10 parous women shortly before coitus no live sperm were found 8-12 hours after coitus.
13 citations
5 citations
TL;DR: To relate essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency to changes in the reproductive system of domestic fowl 1-day-old male chicks were fed either a practical diet (regular corn-soy diet) a basal diet or a control diet (the EFA-deficient diet + 5% corn oil).
Abstract: To relate essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency to changes in the reproductive system of domestic fowl 1-day-old male chicks were fed either a practical diet (regular corn-soy diet) a basal diet (the EFA-deficient iet + 5% hydrogenated coconut oil) or a control diet (the EFA-deficient diet + 5% corn oil). After 22 weeks sperm motility quantity of semen and sperm concentration were greater in animals on the control diet. Cockerels fed the basal diet had pale combs and smaller wattles. After 4 weeks body weight of EFA-deficient birds was 77% of controls. After 140 days testes weight was 63% of controls. Testosterone propionate 2 mg/kg per day given for 3 weeks significantly increased body weight gain in 30 EFA-deficient males and in 30 controls decreased (P<.05) testicular weight as percentage of body weight in both groups and decreased sperm concentration semen quantity and sperm motility in the control birds. LH (luteinizing hormone) 20 mcg/kg per day significantly decreased semen quantity and sperm motility in controls. In LH-treated EFA-deficient cockerels germinal epithelium and spermatogenesis appeared normal while EFA-deficient untreated cockerels showed degeneration of the testes. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) or TP (testosterone propionate) treatment of EFA-deficient birds increased destruction of the germinal epithelium. The number of acidophils and the amounts of secretory material were increased in the pituitaries of the deficient birds. There was an increase in eicosatrienoic acid and a decrease in linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in deficient animals. Significant differences in testicular fatty acids (with ratios of number of carbon atoms to number of double bonds of 18:1 18:2 20:3 20:4 22:3 and 22.4) between the animals receiving the different hormonal treatments were observed. LH treatment of deficient birds for 3 months decreased palmitoleic and linoleic acid and increased eicosatrienoic acid. Testicular abnormalities appear to result from absence of LH. Since exogenous LH can maintain seminiferous tubules the Leydig cells are capable of functioning. Essential fatty acids may affect the production or release of LH-releasing factors in the hypothalamus. LH is not properly released from the pituitary.