Showing papers on "Sperm motility published in 1973"
TL;DR: The data suggest that the fall in ATP concentrations, and therefore the decline in “phosphate potential,” is a causal factor responsible for the glycolytic and respiratory rate enhancement observed in sperm treated with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
Abstract: Bovine epididymal spermatozoan motility and respiration are enhanced by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as caffeine (Garbers et al., 1971). This report deals with additional aspects of the relationship of these cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors and bovine epididymal sperm metabolism. Caffeine induced elevated cyclic3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) concentrations within 1 mm after addition, with either endogenous substrate or 10 mM fructose as substrate. Although the stimulation of motility was rapid, the maximal respiratory rate with either pyruvate or glucose as substrate did not occur until 1 to 4 mm. After incubation of sperm with caffeine for a period of time, no respiratoly lag occurred on addition of pyruvate. With fructose as substrate, ATP concentrations declined significantly between 3 to 5 mm after addition of caffeine, whereas ATP concentrations were significantly reduced by 2 mm in the absence of exogenous substrate. ADP and AMP concentrations increased as ATP decreased, resulting in a marked decline in the phosphate potential. Bongkrekic acid (BKA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase, blocked sperm motility and respiration with acetate or pyruvate as substrate, whereas it had no effect on motility in the presence of glucose. Caffeine was capable of stimulating motility in the presence of glucose and BKA. Caffeine also increased glucose utilization rates, and lactate accumulation from glucose, in the absence or presence of BKA. Pyruvate utilization was either not affected or was reduced by caffeine, whereas lactate accumulation from pyruvate was consistently reduced. These results suggest a general stimulation of sperm metabolism by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The increase in sperm motility and cyclic AMP is rapid and precedes any significant decline in ATP concentrations or increases in respiratory rate. The data suggest that the fall in ATP concentrations, and therefore the decline in “phosphate potential,” is a causal factor responsible for the glycolytic and respiratory rate enhancement observed in sperm treated with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
88 citations
TL;DR: The indication is that CA is a powerful antifertility agent and the undesirable effects of loss of libido and impotency may be abolished by reducing the dosage.
Abstract: Cyproterone acetate (CA) was administered to a group of 6 normal healthy males in 2-100 mg doses daily continuously for a period of 16-20 weeks in order to test the effect of CA on the male reproductive system. This dosage is the norm for treatment of benign or malignant prostatic hypertrophy. Sperm counts fell off after an average of 8 weeks experimentation and reached the level of functional sterility by an average of 13 weeks. Morphological abnormality of the sperm increased over time. Sperm motility decreased. Libido and potency decreased sharply. All these functions returned to normal within a few weeks after administration of CA was stopped. The drug also caused moderate decreases in testicular germ cell numbers and testosterone levels of plasma and urine. No changes resulted in levels of plasma or urinary interstitial cell-stimulating hormone follicle stimulating hormone or in Leydig cell morphology or number. Liver and kidney functions continued normally. Indications are that the major site of inhibition is in the testis not in the epididymis or ductular system. Reduced testosterone level even without androgen deprivation could cause all of these changes. The indication is that CA is a powerful antifertility agent. The undesirable effects of loss of libido and impotency may be abolished by reducing the dosage. By maintaining a dosage of sufficient strength CA could be used as a male contraceptive.
56 citations
TL;DR: The three to four hours-long latent period required for the inhibition of sperm motility by copper suggests that immediate immobilization of sperm is not a major mechanism of action of the copper IUD in the human.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a hamster sperm denuded of their plasma membrane with Triton X-100 and washed free of cytosol was found to become progressively motile in defined media containing ATP 1 and salts.
36 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Epididymal hamster sperm, denuded of their plasma membrane with Triton X-100 and washed free of cytosol, were found to become progressively motile in defined media containing ATP 1 and salts.
35 citations
TL;DR: Factors in determining a mans ability to initiate pregnancy are discussed and the latest data suggest that a sperm count as low as 10 million/ml can be associated with fertility if other parameters are favorable.
Abstract: Factors in determining a mans ability to initiate pregnancy are discussed. Given a reasonable sperm count the factors of motility and morphology are most decisive. Previously it was assessed that a man with a sperm count of less than 60 million/ml was infertile but the latest data suggest that a sperm count as low as 10 million/ml can be associated with fertility if other parameters are favorable. These parameters can be evaluated by seminal cytology which simultaneously often provides clues to underlying problems that may impair fertility in the seemingly normal male. Studies indicate that while attention should be paid to the matter of ejaculate volume it is significant only at the lower and possibly at the upper limits of abnormality. The 2 components of sperm motility are the speed of forward progression and the percentage of cells showing such movement. The author has established an arbitrary "motility index" which is the product of values assigned to these 2 components. 120 is the passable motility index. 0 is no movement up to 4 which is vigorous movement times the percentage of active sperm. A further qualification is that at least 40% of spermatozoa in any given specimen should show forward progression. There is a strong relationship between morphology and motility. At least 60% of sperm in any given specimen must have normal oviform shape for the diagnostician to consider that a reasonable chance of impregnation exists and for him to evaluate the critical question of motility. A more important application of the study of morphology is the evaluation of testicular function which sperm morphology distinctively reflects. Stress plays a role in infertility. Aberrations caused by stress can often be corrected once the cause is eliminated. This may be physical or emotional stress. Prisoners in state institutions have an astonishing potential fertility. These men are sequestered from many infectious agents as well as from the pressure to accomplish and make daily decisions.
33 citations
TL;DR: High levels of adenine nucleotides are present in sperm taken from the caput segment of the guinea pig epididymis, but metabolism in sperm from all segments increased about fourfold in treated cells, which suggests that other mechanisms, in addition to changes in adenyl cyclase activity, are apparently involved in the changes in sperm metabolism that occur during epidIDymal transit.
Abstract: SummaryHigh levels of adenine nucleotides are present in sperm taken from the caput segment of the guinea pig epididymis. This level declines progressively in the corpus and cauda segments where there is also a progressive increase in in vitro glycolysis. Nucleotide control of glycolysis is suggested by the observation that the depletion of nucleotide pools by incubation in the absence of substrate leads to increased glycolytic rates. This is particularly pronounced in caput sperm. Sperm motility in different segments, however, is not enhanced by lowering nucleotide levels in this manner.Sperm motility and metabolism are markedly increased in all segments of the epididymis and vas deferens by caffeine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. High rates of glycolysis in treated cells occur, however, without any significant differences from controls in energy charge and ATP levels, suggesting that the glycolytic apparatus as well as the mechanisms involved in motility are stimulated. Although metabolism in sperm from all ...
31 citations
24 citations
TL;DR: Injection of AS into prepubertal males or females did not provoke any visible disturbances at the time, or later when sexual maturity was reached, and the presence of AS in the diluent had no effect on the sperm motility.
Abstract: was only slightly affected. Administration of AS (2 to 2\m=.\5mg) to female mice 1 to 13 days after mating resulted in a highly significant decrease in the number of embryos. When concentrations of 12\m=.\5\g=m\gAS/ml, or more, were present in the medium in which two-blastomere mouse embryos were incubated, further development was arrested in 100% of the embryos. In vivo, however, death of the embryos occurred only after nidation. Injection of AS into prepubertal males or females did not provoke any visible disturbances at the time, or later when sexual maturity was reached. The presence of AS in the diluent had no effect on the sperm motility
19 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the Beckman Spectronic 20 spectrophotometer technique provides a rapid and totally objective measure of the motility of rooster sperm.
18 citations
TL;DR: Fertility, pre‐freeze and post‐thaw sperm motility, penetration ability and duration of motility in cervical mucus of spermatozoa were reduced by the freeze‐preservation procedure.
Abstract: Fertility, pre-freeze and post-thaw sperm motility, penetration ability and duration of motility in cervical mucus of spermatozoa were studied in 7 heterologous insemination donors and in 4 men in connection with homologous inseminations. No conception occurred after 50 heterologous and 15 homologous inseminations using semen preserved at—196d`C. The post-thaw motility, penetration ability and duration of motility in cervical mucus of spermatozoa were reduced by the freeze-preservation procedure. The fertilizing capacity of freeze-pre-served semen was more reduced than expected from the post-thaw sperm motility and penetration ability. The semen quality was of significant importance for the post-thaw sperm motility and penetration ability.
TL;DR: Of the semen properties routinely tested sperm motility showed the highest correlation with the penetration parameters, and all three showed a high correlation with a proposed “penetration score”.
Abstract: Linear penetration, number of penetrating spermatozoa and their motility were studied in 400 semen samples using a capillary tube method and with cervical mucus as a test medium. A close correlation was found between these parameters. All three showed a high correlation with a proposed “penetration score”. Of the semen properties routinely tested sperm motility showed the highest correlation with the penetration parameters.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the amount of testosterone required to maintain the normal motility pattern of spermatozoa in the epididymis and vas deferens is much lower than that necessary for maintenance of other genital accessories.
TL;DR: A combination of penicillin and neomycin seems a satisfactory substitute for peniillin and streptomycin for controlling bacterial growth in diluted bull semen without impairing sperm livability.
Journal Article•