Showing papers on "Spillover effect published in 1987"

Sex Ratios, Sex Role Spillover, and Sex at Work: A Comparison of Men's and Women's Experiences:

Abstract: Sex-role spillover is the carryover of gender-based roles into the work setting It is exacerbated by having a highly skewed ratio of the sexes at work The sex roles associated with the majority sex become incorporated into the work roles In male-dominated jobs, activity, rationality, and aggressiveness are emphasized, whereas nurturance and passivity are associated with “women's work “ The implications of sex-role spillover for sexual behavior at work was investigated through analysis of a telephone survey of working adults in Los Angeles County in 1980 Sex-role spillover affects people in traditional work by having their sex role and work role merged together, and affects people in nontraditional work by the fact that they are a visible minority and their sex does not correspond to the sex roles normally associated with their jobs In the case of sexual behavior at work, the fallout of sex role spillover is more visibly negative for women than for men Very few men work in nontraditional or integrat

Excess Capacity, Monopolistic Competition, and International Transmission of Monetary Disturbances

Abstract: A stochastic two-country neoclassical rational expectations model with sticky prices -- optimally set by monopolistically competitive firms -- and possible excess capacity is developed to examine international spillover effects on output of monetary disturbances. The Mundell-Fleming model predicts that monetary expansion at home leads to recession abroad. In contrast, our main result is that spillover effects of monetary policy may be either positive or negative, depending upon whether the intertemporal elasticity of substitution in consumption exceeds the intratemporal elasticity of substitution. The model in addition is used to determine nominal and real interest rates, exchange rates, and other asset prices.

The Spillover Effects of Nominal Wage Rigidity in a Multisector Economy: Note

Abstract: Although Western economies are composed of markets with differing degrees of wage-price stickiness, most analytical macromodels are not composed of distinct sectors, arld do not attempt to analyze how different sectors respond to policy actions and supply or demand shocks. Blinder and Mankiw (1984) investigate how macropolicies and shocks affect a multicontract archipelago economy composed of five sectors (islands), each characterized by different wage-price behavior. They convincingly demonstrate how heterogeneous markets pose aggregation problems for policy makers and econometricians because each market reacts differently to common shocks. However, the Blinder-Mankiw model is not really a model of an economy composed of integrated, heterogeneous markets. Their archipelago model assumes that the workers in each sector (island) consume only the product produced in their sector. A more realistic and analytically more appealing model would integrate the sectors by having each worker consume the same basket of heterogeneous goods. Under these circumstances, conditions in one sector which affect the price of that sector's output can affect wage demands (i.e., labor supply) in another sector and, thereby, the output of this other sector. Through this channel, wage-price stickiness in one sector allows aggregate demand policy and shocks to have real effects on a sector with perfectly flexible sectoral wages and prices. This result does not occur in the Blinder-Mankiw model because it lacks this type of CPI-labor supply linkage between sectors. In fact, these spillover effects have not been directly addressed by the existing literature. For purposes of brevity, only aggregate demand shocks will be considered in a closed economy consisting of only two sectors: one having goods and labor markets which clear instantaneously (henceforth, the classical or Walrasian sector), and the

Regional Wage Spillover in Canada

Abstract: The persistently high unemployment rate of the Atlantic Region of Canada may be a symptom of importation into the region of inappropriately high wage levels from other Canadian regions. A theoretical explanation for the existence of such interregional wage spillover is offered. The hypothesis of spillover is empirically examined using data on the wage change provisions of individual contracts in the manufacturing sector. Possible econometric problems associated with contract data are examined and corrective measures taken. Results of the estimation support the hypothesis that wage spillover plays a role in the determination of Atlantic Region wages. Copyright 1987 by MIT Press.

The right to use versus the right to sell: Spillover effects and constraints on the water rights of irrigation organization members

Abstract: Irrigation organizations often place restrictions on individually arranged water sales to outside parties. It is shown that these restrictions may be consistent with efficient water use and transfers in cases where individually arranged transfers would impose detrimental spillover effects on other members of the organization. Joint optimization in the presence of spillover effects implies that organization level water trading activity will increase with an increasing market price of water and will decrease with an increase in the internal net marginal value of water. Regression analysis and other empirical evidence are found to be consistent with these implications. These results suggest that irrigation organizations engage in efficient water transfers on behalf of their members and that locally imposed restrictions on individual water transfers are not necessarily economically inefficient.

Excess Capacity, Monopolistic Competition, and International Transmission of Monetary Disturbances

Abstract: A stochastic two-country neoclassical rational expectations model with sticky prices -- optimally set by monopolistically competitive firms -- and possible excess capacity is developed to examine international spillover effects on output of monetary disturbances. The Mundell-Fleming model predicts that monetary expansion at home leads to recession abroad. In contrast, our main result is that spillover effects of monetary policy may be either positive or negative, depending upon whether the intertemporal elasticity of substitution in consumption exceeds the intratemporal elasticity of substitution. The model in addition is used to determine nominal and real interest rates, exchange rates, and other asset prices.