Showing papers on "Spillover effect published in 1990"

Toward a Multidimensional Assessment of Work Spillover into Family Life.

Abstract: The purpose of the present study is threefold. First, it presents evidence for the construct validity and internal reliability of a new multidimensional measure of work spillover. Second, it provides some insight into three processes by which work can affect an individual's personal and family life (i.e., time, energy, and psychological interference). Finally, the present study examines four primary nonwork role contexts (i.e., the parent-child relationship, the marital relationship, leisure activities, and the home management role) and assesses how likely each is to be affected by work spillover. The sample was composed of 130 male executives and their spouses. Strong support was found for the construct validity and internal consistency of the global measure of work spillover. For the present sample of executives, the data do not support the hypothesis that work stress spills over into some role contexts more than others. In contrast, the data provide support for at least three distinct processes by which work can spill over and affect family and personal life.

The Effects of Land-Use Constraints on Housing Prices

Abstract: This paper estimates the direct and spillover effects of zoning controls along with other growth restrictions on housing prices. Theory leads us to expect a positive effect of land-use restrictions on the price of developed land and a negative effect on the price of undeveloped land. We consider the effects on housing prices, and hence the effects on developed land. Other studies have examined the impact of separate components of land-use controls within a locality. We show that specific growth controls must be examined in the overall context of local land-use policy, and that interjurisdictional as well as intrajurisdictionael effects must be considered.

Trade and Uneven Growth

Abstract: We consider trade between two countries of unequal size, where the creation of new intermediate inputs occurs in both. We assume that the knowledge gained from R&D in one country does not spillover to the other. Under autarky, the larger country would have a higher rate of product creation. When trade occurs in the final goods, we find that the smaller country has its rate of product creation stowed, even in the long run. In contrast, the larger country enjoys a temporary increase in its rate of R&D. We also examine the welfare consequences of trade in the final goods, which depend on whether the intermediate inputs are traded or not.

The Aggregate Implications of Machine Replacement: Theory and Evidence

Abstract: The authors study an economy in which producers incur resource costs to replace depreciated machines. The process of costly replacement and depreciation creates endogenous fluctuations in productivity, employment, and output of a single producer. The authors explore the spillover effects of machine replacement on other sectors of the economy and provide conditions for synchronized machine replacement by multiple independent producers. The implications of their model are generally consistent with observed monthly output, employment, and productivity fluctuations in automobile plants. Synchronization of retooling across plants within the auto industry is widespread, so that the fluctuations observed at the plant level have aggregate implications. Copyright 1993 by American Economic Association.

Trade and Uneven Growth

Abstract: We consider trade between two countries of unequal size, where the creation of new intermediate inputs occurs in both. We assume that the knowledge gained from R&D in one country does not spillover to the other. Under autarky, the larger country would have a higher rate of product creation. When trade occurs in the final goods, we find that the smaller country has its rate of product creation stowed, even in the long run. In contrast, the larger country enjoys a temporary increase in its rate of R&D. We also examine the welfare consequences of trade in the final goods, which depend on whether the intermediate inputs are traded or not.

Channels of international policy transmission

Abstract: A two-country, intertemporal, perfect-foresight model with micro foundations, floating exchange rates, uncovered interest parity, and nominal wage rigidities is formulated. The benchmark case corresponds to unit elasticities of intertemporal and intratemporal substitution in consumption, no initial holdings of foreign assets and infinite lifetimes. Monetary disinflation and an increase in government spending then have no spillover effects on foreign consumption and employment and there are no current account dynamics. Four channels of international policy transmission are then analysed. The first is based on capital gains on holdings of foreign assets. The spillover effects arising through the second and third channel depend on whether goods are gross substitutes or gross complements and on whether the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is less or greater than unity. The final channel assumes finite lifetimes and no bequest motive. It departs from debt neutrality in order to allow wealth effects and current account dynamics to play a more interesting role and to assess the difference between tax and debt finance.

Corporate Borrowing and Credit Constraints: Structural Disequilibrium Estimates for the U.K.

Abstract: This paper develops a structural model of the market for corporate borrowing in the United Kingdom. The authors allow trade to be dispersed across a number of submarkets and suppose that disequilibrium operates at this disaggregated level. Solving for the level of aggregate trade, they can estimate nonlinear equations for the demand and supply of borrowing and for the associated interest rate. The authors use survey data to measure the strength of spillover from other markets. The estimates reveal that disequilibrium has had substantial effects. The authors also obtain interesting and plausible estimates for the parameters of the behavioral equations. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.

Publicness, Scale, and Spillover Effects in Defense Spending:

Abstract: In this article the theory of bureaucracy is used to analyze the collective choice mechamsm for determining military spending. The model integrates economies of size in military output from both the consumption (publicness) and production (scale) sides. Spillover effects on a nation's military spending from its allies and rivals are also investigated. The empirical results reveal significant differences between groups of nations in the net economies of country size and in the direction and magnitude of spillover effects. In addition, spillover effects appear to differ between types of allies, depending on whether they are members of formal alliances.

The interaction of housing and labour markets: An Aberdeen case study

Abstract: Summary The analysis of housing markets relative to labour markets reveals a close correlation between house prices and economic activity. While this is true of the housing market in Aberdeen, when considered together with levels of oil‐related activity in the city it can also be shown that the spillover benefits to non‐oil related products through capital gain in house values has been transient and over time has evaporated.

Rigidities in Rural Labor Markets--An Empirical Test

Abstract: The presence of potentially binding constraints in rural labor markets is investigated by examining spillover effects on land market participation decisions. Farm and household data from ICRISAT village level surveys are used in a multinominial logit model that accounts for the simultaneous nature of the land and labor market participation decisions. Estimated parameters and likelihood ratio tests indicate that except for the presence of potentially binding constraint on the supply of female labor off the farm no other evidence of binding constraints is present in these villages. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.

A quantity-constrained expenditure system: A note on Podkaminer's disequilibrium computations☆

Abstract: It is shown that in a positive excess demand situation Podkaminer's disequilibrium measure the ratio of notional demand to the observed quantity, is not related to excess demand, shortage, or spillover effect. An alternative measure which is based on the Clower-Benassy effective demand, is proposed. Podkaminer's expenditure model is reformulated in a quantity-constrained form, which is used for estimating disequilibrium and spillover effects for Poland. The aggregate excess demand computed from the quantity-constrained expenditure system does not differ significantly from that estimated from an econometric disequilibrium model.

Testing for Financial Buffer Stocks in Sectoral Portfolio Models

Abstract: Empirical implementation of the buffer stock money notion tends to concentrate either on the "shock absorber" aspects or the "spillover" ("disequilibrium money") aspects, but rarely combines both. Moreover, a potential buffer role for nonmoney assets is usually precluded without explicit empirical testing. This paper examines the role of financial buffers in an ex ante sectoral model of expenditure and portfolio behavior incorporating both the shock absorber and spillover aspects in terms of cross-equation parameter restrictions. These are tested for a range of different assets and liabilities using quarterly data for the U.K. personal sector. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.