Showing papers on "Spillover effect published in 1991"
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of disequilibrium growth with sector-specific technological progress and spillover is developed and then estimated on two samples of capitalist economies 1960-85, finding that the degree of divergence between agriculture and industry is greatest in the least developed economies, but their rate of labor transfer has been slow.
Abstract: Various hypotheses are examined seeking to explain inter-country convergence at the upper end, but divergence at the lower end, of the world income rankings. A model of disequilibrium growth with sector-specific technological progress and spillover is developed and then estimated on two samples of capitalist economies 1960-85. It is found that the degree of disequilibrium between agriculture and industry is greatest in the least developed economies, but their rate of labor transfer has been slow. Technological spillover has stimulated productivity growth in less developed agricultural sectors, but not in the industrial sectors of the least developed economies. Copyright 1991 by Royal Economic Society.
181 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the competitive incentives for over- or under-investment were investigated in various competitive and cooperative settings for duopoly firms that operate with quadratic payoffs.
155 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of the innovations used in seventynine three-digit U.K. industries, 1976-79, on productivity growth and identified a time pattern of effects lasting at least eleven years and possibly as long as sixteen.
Abstract: This paper examines the effects of the innovations used in seventy-nine three-digit U.K. industries, 1976-79, on productivity growth. A time pattern of effects is identified lasting at least eleven years and possibly as long as sixteen. Innovations used in particular sectors are traced back to the producing sectors from which they originated, the result suggesting that engineering (especially electronics and electrical engineering) innovations have the largest impact on users' productivity. Finally, only very small spillover effects were identified flowing from adjacent using or producing sectors. Copyright 1991 by Royal Economic Society.
114 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the empirical evidence on the very different conclusions that can be drawn about productivity spillovers of foreign direct investment is reviewed, and host country policy measures which can accelerate both the BC affiliates' technology imports and the diffusion of their technology in the host economies are discussed.
Abstract: This paper reviews the empirical evidence on the very different conclusions that can be drawn about productivity spillovers of foreign direct investment. It explains the concept of host country spillover benefits, describes the various forms these benefits can take, both within and between industries, and summarizes the evidence regarding the relative magnitudes of the various forms of spillovers. Moreover, the paper discusses host country policy measures which can accelerate both the BC affiliates' technology imports and the diffusion of their technology in the host economies.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the associations between perceptions and use of time and experiences of family-work spillover for 277 men and women involved in dual careers were analyzed and Implications for research on work and family are discussed.
Abstract: In this study the associations between perceptions and use of time and experiences of family-work spillover for 277 men and women involved in dual careers were analyzed. Implications for research on work and family are discussed.
26 citations
Posted Content•
19 citations
01 Jan 1991
18 citations
Posted Content•
13 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 1991
9 citations
Posted Content•
01 Jan 1991
9 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a disequilibrium model for Switzerland, focusing on the production sector and the associated spillover effects, involving pressure of demand, profitability and relative prices as determinants.
Abstract: This paper presents a disequilibrium model for Switzerland, focusing on the production sector and the associated spillover effects. Finns' decisions on output supply, labor demand and investment are analysed on basis of a vintage approach, involving pressure of demand, profitability and relative prices as determinants. Macro relationships are derived by aggregating over micro markets on which regimes are allowed to differ. In the resulting nonlinear macro structure the response of output and employment to demand-side and supply-side factors varies through the cycle, depending on the regime-mix (measured by survey data). Inventories and unfilled orders act as buffer stocks, modifying the dynamic link between current demand and output.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the international transmission of policies and disturbances in a rational expectation dynamic general equilibrium simulation model of the world economy, and applied the analysis to the study of the European Monetary System.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered a two-country two-sector world with tradables and non-tradables, floating exchange rates, perfect capital mobility and sluggish labour markets.
Abstract: This paper considers a two-country-two-sector world with tradables and non-tradables, floating exchange rates, perfect capital mobility and sluggish labour markets. The model assumes either nominal or real wage rigidity and either perfect or imperfect substitution between home and foreign-produced tradables. The effects and spillover effects of fiscal and monetary shocks are compared with the standard results from well-known macroeconomic two-country counterparts of the model. The purpose is to establish the degree of robustness of the latter with respect to disaggregation and to gain insight into the sectoral transmissions of the shocks.
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: This article showed that despite the intuitively obvious connection with the gains from coordination, interdependence is not in itself sufficient to ensure that advantages will stem from a cooperative process, and showed that even if inter-dependency is certainly necessary for coordination gains, the actual source of such gains is comparative policy advantage.
Abstract: There is a firmly rooted presumption among economists that the greater the interdependence, the larger the externalities generated by unilateral policy-making and therefore the greater the potential gains from coordination. The author demonstrates that despite its intuitively obvious connection with the gains from coordination, interdependence is not in itself sufficient to ensure that advantages will stem from a cooperative process. Indeed, it is shown that, even if interdependence is certainly necessary for coordination gains, the actual source of such gains is comparative policy advantage. Copyright 1991 by Royal Economic Society.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple general equilibrium model is constructed to analyze the effects of price controls on income distribution, output, and the budget deficit in an open economy with a fixed exchange rate where foreign goods are imperfect substitutes for domestic goods in consumption.
TL;DR: In this article, an econometric analysis of spillover effects in wage determination is presented, where the authors show that the spillover effect in wage determinations can be significant.
Abstract: (1991). Spillover effects in wage determination: an econometric analysis. Applied Economics: Vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 1473-1482.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the empirical evidence on the very different conclusions that can be drawn about productivity spillovers of foreign direct investment is reviewed, and host country policy measures which can accelerate both the BC affiliates' technology imports and the diffusion of their technology in the host economies are discussed.
Abstract: This paper reviews the empirical evidence on the very different conclusions that can be drawn about productivity spillovers of foreign direct investment. It explains the concept of host country spillover benefits, describes the various forms these benefits can take, both within and between industries, and summarizes the evidence regarding the relative magnitudes of the various forms of spillovers. Moreover, the paper discusses host country policy measures which can accelerate both the BC affiliates' technology imports and the diffusion of their technology in the host economies.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of changing the level of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits on workers who do not receive UI was investigated and it was shown that an increase in UI benefits leads to a reduction in the duration of unemployment for uninsured workers.
Abstract: In this paper, I consider the effect of changing the level of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits on workers who do not receive UI. I hypothesize that a spillover effect between insured and uninsured workers exists so that an increase in the UI benefits, which leads to longer durations of unemployment for insured workers, will lead to a reduction in the duration of unemployment for the uninsured. This prediction is tested using data from several March Current Population Surveys and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. In both samples I find that an increase in UI benefits leads to a reduction in the duration of unemployment for uninsured workers. Furthermore, using several years of state level data, I show that the estimated effect on unemployment for the entire labor force is roughly zero when I allow for the spillover effect.
Book•
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a disequilibrium model for Switzerland focusing on the production sector and the associated spillover effects, where firms' decisions on output supply, labor demand and investment are analysed on basis of a vintage approach, involving pressure of demand, profitability and relative prices as determinants.
Abstract: This paper presents a disequilibrium model for Switzerland, focusing on the production sector and the associated spillover effects. Firms' decisions on output supply, labor demand and investment are analysed on basis of a vintage approach, involving pressure of demand, profitability and relative prices as determinants. Macro relationships are derived by aggregating over micro markets on which regimes are allowed to differ. In the resulting nonlinear macro structure the response of output and employment to demand-side and supply-side factors varies through the cycle, depending on the regime-mix (measured by survey data). Inventories and unfilled orders act as buffer stocks, modifying the dynamic link between current demand and output.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether trade liberalization should create a greater incentive for countries to invest in transportation infrastructure, and they showed that without cooperative infrastructure agreements between countries, there will be underinvestment in those forms of infrastructure in which the investments will have spillover effects to other countries.
Abstract: This model predicts that without cooperative infrastructure agreements between countries, there will be underinvestment in those forms of infrastructure in which the investments will have spillover effects to other countries. For a relatively small country, for example, there would tend to be more underinvestment in railroad and highway infrastructure to neighboring countries than there would be in airport and harbor infrastructure (carrying goods to the whole world). Bond examines whether trade liberalization should create a greater incentive for countries to invest in transportation infrastructure. He pays special attention to the case of preferential trade liberalization between neighboring countries, where investments in roads or railroads are specific to the partner country and will thus have spillover effects. The existence of spillovers will lead to gains from cooperative agreements about investment levels. Bond shows that in a small country the incentive to invest in infrastructure depends on the level of the tariff when demand is linear. If protection is in the form of a quota, on the other hand, trade liberalization will increase the optimal infrastructure investment. He shows that in a two-country model with spillovers between countries, the cooperative equilibrium may involve either more or less investment than the noncooperative equilibrium, depending on the pattern of trade between the two countries and the degree of substitutability between investments in the two countries. For a relatively small country, for example, there would be more underinvestment in railroad and highway infrastructure to neighboring countries than there would be in airport and harbor infrastructure. The first type of investment is specific to certain markets and is likely to affect the relative price of goods in those markets. The second type of investment, on the other hand, will send goods to world markets generally, where prices are likely to be relatively unaffected by the investments. Bond also examines the desirability of linking regional trade and infrastructure agreements. The prediction generated by his model is that in the absence of cooperative agreements between countries, there will be underinvestment in those forms of transportation in which the investments will have spillover effects to other countries. Bond identifies two forms of gains from infrastructure agreements: - Internalizing the terms-of-trade effects and thus avoiding the inefficient investment levels that arise in noncooperative choices of investment levels. - Internalizing the effects of the infrastructure investment in the tariff negotiation process, in cases where countries cannot commit to future tariff rates. This paper - a product of the Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand regionalism and development.