Topic
Spin-½
About: Spin-½ is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 40423 publications have been published within this topic receiving 796639 citations.
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TL;DR: The experimental results that, since the first experimental observation of the spin Hall effect less than 10 years ago, have established the basic physical understanding of the phenomenon, and the role that several of thespin Hall devices have had in the demonstration of spintronic functionalities and physical phenomena are reviewed.
Abstract: The spin Hall effect is a relativistic spin-orbit coupling phenomenon that can be used to electrically generate or detect spin currents in non-magnetic systems. Here we review the experimental results that, since the first experimental observation of the spin Hall effect less than 10 years ago, have established the basic physical understanding of the phenomenon, and the role that several of the spin Hall devices have had in the demonstration of spintronic functionalities and physical phenomena. We have attempted to organize the experiments in a chronological order, while simultaneously dividing the Review into sections on semiconductor or metal spin Hall devices, and on optical or electrical spin Hall experiments. The spin Hall device studies are placed in a broader context of the field of spin injection, manipulation, and detection in non-magnetic conductors.
446 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spin transport in a nonmagnetic metal connected to ferromagnetic injector and detector electrodes was studied and a general expression for the spin accumulation signal which covers from the metallic to the tunneling regime was derived.
Abstract: We study theoretically the spin transport in a nonmagnetic metal connected to ferromagnetic injector and detector electrodes. We derive a general expression for the spin accumulation signal which covers from the metallic to the tunneling regime. This enables us to discuss recent controversy on spin injection and detection experiments. Extending the result to a superconducting device, we find that the spin accumulation signal is strongly enhanced by opening of the superconducting gap since a gapped superconductor is a low carrier system for spin transport but not for charge. The enhancement is also expected in semiconductor devices.
444 citations
TL;DR: A massive Dirac neutrino has a magnetic moment which causes its spin to precess in a magnetic field This reduces the effective weak cross sections for relativistic neutrinos as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A massive Dirac neutrino has a magnetic moment, which causes its spin to precess in a magnetic field This reduces the effective weak cross sections for relativistic neutrinos An estimate on the basis of phenomenological considerations as well as the standard electroweak theory indicates that massive neutrinos from supernovae and neutron stars may contain significant mixtures of negative- and positive-helicity states
442 citations
TL;DR: Degeneracy-breaking free-energy terms arise from thermal (or quantum) fluctuations, which select for collinear states, and from dilution, which selects for anticollinear (yet long-range ordered) states.
Abstract: In many continuous spin systems, competing interactions give nontrivial degeneracies of the classical ground states. Degeneracy-breaking free-energy terms arise from thermal (or quantum) fluctuations, which select for collinear states, and from dilution, which selects for anticollinear (yet long-range ordered) states. They are explicitly computed for an XY square-lattice antiferromagnet dominated by second-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange. The predicted phase diagram agrees qualitatively with simulations.
440 citations
TL;DR: A spin chain is a permanently coupled 1D system of spins as discussed by the authors, which can be used to connect quantum registers without resorting to optics, and it has been shown that it is possible to achieve perfect quantum state transfer through spin chains.
Abstract: We present an introductory overview of the use of spin chains as quantum wires, which has recently developed into a topic of lively interest. The principal motivation is in connecting quantum registers without resorting to optics. A spin chain is a permanently coupled 1D system of spins. When one places a quantum state on one end of it, the state will be dynamically transmitted to the other end with some efficiency if the spins are coupled by an exchange interaction. No external modulations or measurements on the body of the chain, except perhaps at the very ends, is required for this purpose. For the simplest (uniformly coupled) chain and the simplest encoding (single qubit encoding), however, dispersion reduces the quality of transfer. We present a variety of alternatives proposed by various groups to achieve perfect quantum state transfer through spin chains. We conclude with a brief discussion of the various directions in which the topic is developing.
439 citations