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Spinodal decomposition
About: Spinodal decomposition is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5618 publications have been published within this topic receiving 157333 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the thickness of the interface increases with increasing temperature and becomes infinite at the critical temperature Tc, and that at a temperature T just below Tc the interfacial free energy σ is proportional to (T c −T) 3 2.
Abstract: It is shown that the free energy of a volume V of an isotropic system of nonuniform composition or density is given by : NV∫V [f 0(c)+κ(▿c)2]dV, where NV is the number of molecules per unit volume, ▿c the composition or density gradient, f 0 the free energy per molecule of a homogeneous system, and κ a parameter which, in general, may be dependent on c and temperature, but for a regular solution is a constant which can be evaluated. This expression is used to determine the properties of a flat interface between two coexisting phases. In particular, we find that the thickness of the interface increases with increasing temperature and becomes infinite at the critical temperature Tc , and that at a temperature T just below Tc the interfacial free energy σ is proportional to (T c −T) 3 2 . The predicted interfacial free energy and its temperature dependence are found to be in agreement with existing experimental data. The possibility of using optical measurements of the interface thickness to provide an additional check of our treatment is briefly discussed.
8,720 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of a solid solution to all infinitesimal composition fluctuations is considered, taking surface tension and elastic energy into account, and it is found that for infinite isotropic solids, free from imperfections, the spinodal marks the limit of metastability to such fluctuations only if there is no change in molar volume with composition.
2,762 citations
TL;DR: The theory of phase separation from a single phase fluid by a spinodal mechanism is given in this paper, where the predicted structure may be described in terms of a superpositioning of sinusoidal composition modulations of a fixed wavelength, but random in amplitude, orientation, and phase.
Abstract: The theory of phase separation from a single phase fluid by a spinodal mechanism is given. The predicted structure may be described in terms of a superpositioning of sinusoidal composition modulations of a fixed wavelength, but random in amplitude, orientation, and phase. Sections through a calculated structure are shown. These show that the structure has many of the geometrical features found in phase separable glasses, in particular the high degree of connectivity among particles of each phase.
1,591 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that in any two-phase mixture of fluids near their critical point, contact angles against any third phase become zero in that one of the critical phases completely wets the third phase and excludes contact with the other critical phase.
Abstract: It is shown that in any two‐phase mixture of fluids near their critical point, contact angles against any third phase become zero in that one of the critical phases completely wets the third phase and excludes contact with the other critical phase. A surface layer of the wetting phase continues to exist under a range of conditions when this phase is no longer stable as a bulk. At some temperature below the critical, this perfect wetting terminates in what is described as a first‐order transition of the surface. This surface first‐order transition may exhibit its own critical point. The theory is qualitatively in agreement with observations.
1,574 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the conditions for the retention of a zirconia-rich tetragonal phase at ambient temperature were established and the existence of a miscibility gap, closed below the solidus temperature, in the yttria-rich solid solution region was proposed.
Abstract: Metastable and equilibrium phase relationships in the system ZrO2:YO1.5 have been studied by X-ray diffraction. The conditions for the retention of a zirconia-rich tetragonal phase at ambient temperature are established. The existence of a miscibility gap, closed below the solidus temperature, in the yttria-rich solid solution region is proposed. Some evidence for partially ordered phases is presented.
1,170 citations