Topic
Splash
About: Splash is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2940 publications have been published within this topic receiving 38541 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on recent experimental and theoretical studies, which aim at unraveling the underlying physics, characterized by the delicate interplay of liquid inertia, viscosity, and surface tension, but also the surrounding gas.
Abstract: A drop hitting a solid surface can deposit, bounce, or splash. Splashing arises from the breakup of a fine liquid sheet that is ejected radially along the substrate. Bouncing and deposition depend crucially on the wetting properties of the substrate. In this review, we focus on recent experimental and theoretical studies, which aim at unraveling the underlying physics, characterized by the delicate interplay of not only liquid inertia, viscosity, and surface tension, but also the surrounding gas. The gas cushions the initial contact; it is entrapped in a central microbubble on the substrate; and it promotes the so-called corona splash, by lifting the lamella away from the solid. Particular attention is paid to the influence of surface roughness, natural or engineered to enhance repellency, relevant in many applications.
994 citations
TL;DR: Experimental scaling relations support a model in which compressible effects in the gas are responsible for splashing in liquid solid impacts.
Abstract: The corona splash due to the impact of a liquid drop on a smooth dry substrate is investigated with high-speed photography. A striking phenomenon is observed: splashing can be completely suppressed by decreasing the pressure of the surrounding gas. The threshold pressure where a splash first occurs is measured as a function of the impact velocity and found to scale with the molecular weight of the gas and the viscosity of the liquid. Both experimental scaling relations support a model in which compressible effects in the gas are responsible for splashing in liquid solid impacts.
652 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of millimetric drops on a thin liquid film was studied to understand the mechanism of secondary atomisation of sprays colliding on a wetted, cold, solid surface.
Abstract: The impact of single drops on a thin liquid film was studied to understand the mechanism of secondary atomisation of sprays colliding on a wetted, cold, solid surface. To span a wide range of conditions various mixtures of water and glycerol were used. The use of Weber number, Ohnesorge number and non-dimensional film thickness to describe the peculiarities of the phenomenon allowed to carry out the experiments under appropriate similarity conditions. The impact of millimetric drops was analysed in detail by photographic means, using both still photography to study impact morphology, and laser sheet visualisation to investigate secondary droplet formation. Two mechanisms of splash were identified, depending essentially on the liquid viscosity (Ohnesorge number), a parameter which appears to play an important role also in defining the splash morphology. A photographic documentation is annexed. The characteristic times of the crown formation, the non-linear evolution of cusps (jet formation) and the surface roughness influence are further discussed. The experimental results allow to propose an empirical correlation for the splashing/deposition limit, for a wide range of conditions, and a comparison to available previous works is presented. The influence of the film thickness and liquid viscosity on the splash is confirmed and quantified.
550 citations
TL;DR: Raindrop-impact-induced erosion is initiated when detachment of soil particles from the surface of the soil results from an expenditure of raindrop energy as mentioned in this paper, and particles are transported away from the site of the impact by one or more of the following transport processes: drop splash, raindrop-induced flow transport, or transport by flow without stimulation by drop impact.
Abstract: Raindrop-impact-induced erosion is initiated when detachment of soil particles from the surface of the soil results from an expenditure of raindrop energy. Once detachment by raindrop impact has taken place, particles are transported away from the site of the impact by one or more of the following transport processes: drop splash, raindrop-induced flow transport, or transport by flow without stimulation by drop impact. These transport processes exhibit varying efficiencies. Particles that fall back to the surface as a result of gravity produce a layer of pre-detached particles that provides a degree of protection against the detachment of particles from the underlying soil. This, in turn, influences the erodibility of the eroding surface. Good understanding of rainfall erosion processes is necessary if the results of erosion experiments are to be properly interpreted. Current process-based erosion prediction models do not deal with the issue of temporal variations in erodibility during a rainfall event or variabilities in erodibility associated with spatial changes in dominance of the transport processes that follow detachment by drop impact. Although more complex erosion models may deal with issues like this, their complexity and high data requirement may make them unsuitable for use as general prediction tools. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
483 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the full Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically in cylindrical coordinates in order to investigate the splash of a liquid drop onto a flat plate, into a shallow pool, or into a deep pool.
Abstract: The full Navier‐Stokes equations are solved numerically in cylindrical coordinates in order to investigate the splash of a liquid drop onto a flat plate, into a shallow pool, or into a deep pool. Solution is accomplished with the Marker‐and‐Cell technique using a high‐speed computer. Results include data on pressures, velocities, oscillations, droplet rupture, and the effects of compressibility. They also show how the technique can be applied to a wide variety of other complicated fluid flow problems involving the transient behavior of a free surface.
367 citations