Topic
Spodoptera litura
About: Spodoptera litura is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2793 publications have been published within this topic receiving 30974 citations. The topic is also known as: Oriental Leafworm Moth & Cluster caterpillar.
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TL;DR: Trans-Anethole acted synergistically with thymol, citronellal, and alpha-terpineol, in terms of both acute toxicity and feeding deterrence, and several complex mixtures were developed and tested as leads for effective control agents.
Abstract: Monoterpenoids (terpenes and biogenically related phenols) commonly found in plant essential oils were tested for acute toxicity via topical application to tobacco cutworms (Spodoptera litura Fab.). The most toxic among 10 such compounds was thymol (LD50 = 25.4 μg/larva) from garden thyme, Thymus vulgaris. The compounds were then tested for sublethal effects, specifically inhibition of larval growth after topical application of low doses. Among 6 compounds tested, an LD10 dose reduced growth by 20% on average 3 days after administration. Feeding deterrence was determined using a cabbage leaf disk choice test. The most deterrent compound was thymol, with a DC50 of 85.6 μg/cm2 leaf disk area. Because minor constituents in complex essential oils have been suggested to act as synergists, binary mixtures of the compounds were tested for synergy vis a vis acute toxicity and feeding deterrence. trans-Anethole acted synergistically with thymol, citronellal, and α-terpineol, in terms of both acute toxicity and fee...
516 citations
TL;DR: Administration of slapn double-stranded RNA to S. litura larvae reduces its expression and this results directly implicate larval midgut aminopeptidase N as receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins.
333 citations
Southwest University1, University of Tokyo2, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics3, South China Normal University4, Kyushu University5, Centre national de la recherche scientifique6, University of Paris7, Institut national de la recherche agronomique8, University of Montpellier9, University of Delhi10, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology11, Kasetsart University12, Ghent University13, University of Rhode Island14
TL;DR: The gene families encoding receptors for bitter or toxic substances and detoxification enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase were massively expanded in this polyphagous species, enabling its extraordinary ability to detect and detoxify many plant secondary compounds.
Abstract: The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, is among the most widespread and destructive agricultural pests, feeding on over 100 crops throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. By genome sequencing, physical mapping and transcriptome analysis, we found that the gene families encoding receptors for bitter or toxic substances and detoxification enzymes, such as cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase, were massively expanded in this polyphagous species, enabling its extraordinary ability to detect and detoxify many plant secondary compounds. Larval exposure to insecticidal toxins induced expression of detoxification genes, and knockdown of representative genes using short interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced larval survival, consistent with their contribution to the insect’s natural pesticide tolerance. A population genetics study indicated that this species expanded throughout southeast Asia by migrating along a South India–South China–Japan axis, adapting to wide-ranging ecological conditions with diverse host plants and insecticides, surviving and adapting with the aid of its expanded detoxification systems. The findings of this study will enable the development of new pest management strategies for the control of major agricultural pests such as S. litura. Genome of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, which is one of the most widespread and destructive agricultural pests in tropical and subtropical Asia.
248 citations
TL;DR: Correlation analysis indicated that insecticides belonging to the same class such as organophosphate, carbamate or pyrethroid exhibited a positive cross-resistance in S. litura.
228 citations
TL;DR: Twenty-two strains of the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), collected from groundnut crops in Andhra Pradesh, India, between 1991 and 1996 were assayed in the F1 generation for resistance to commonly used insecticides, indicating that esterases and possibly glutathione S-transferases were at least to some extent contributing to organophosphate resistance.
Abstract: Twenty-two strains of the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), collected from groundnut crops of eight locations in Andhra Pradesh, India, between 1991 and 1996 were assayed in the F1 generation for resistance to commonly used insecticides. Resistance levels ranged as follows: cypermethrin, 0·2- to 197-fold; fenvalerate, 8- to 121-fold; endosulfan, 1-to 13-fold; quinalphos, 1- to 29-fold; monocrotophos, 2- to 362-fold and methomyl, 0·7- to 19-fold. In nearly all strains pre-treatment with the metabolic inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, resulted in complete suppression of cypermethrin resistance (2- to 121-fold synergism), indicating that enhanced detoxification by microsomal P450-dependent monooxygenases was probably the major mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. Pre-treatment with the synergist DEF, an inhibitor of esterases and the glutathione S-transferase system, resulted in a 2- to 3-fold synergism with monocrotophos indicating that esterases and possibly glutathione S-transferases were at least to some extent contributing to organophosphate resistance.
197 citations