Spot contract

About: Spot contract is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3437 publications have been published within this topic receiving 91599 citations.

The Impact of an increasing share of RES-E on the Conventional Power Market — The Example of Germany

Abstract: The intermittency of wind power has a decreasing effect on day-ahead spot prices. Data from Germany illustrate this effect and explain the underlying relationships. This short-term price effect leads to an adaptation process in the conventional generation capacity mix. In the long-run, a higher peak load plant share is required to cope with the increasing volatility of the residual demand. The result is an adapted merit-order. This merit-order intersects with an increasingly volatile residual demand curve and leads to a higher price volatility in the power market, which is going to trigger further adaptations. Therefore this article concludes with a list of open research questions, which can be derived from the illustrated relationship. These research questions should be investigated as soon as possible in order to induce the required adaptations in time.

The impact of coffee market reforms on producer prices and price transmission

Abstract: This paper evaluates the impact of coffee sector reforms during late 1980s and early 1990s on coffee growers in the main coffee producing countries. Earlier evidence suggests that the reforms increased the share of producer prices in the world price of coffee. This hypothesis is tested in the paper with the help of cointegration analysis, and the results show that in most countries the longterm producer price share has indeed increased substantially after the liberalization. Moreover, the results suggest that the reforms induced a closer cointegrating relationship between grower prices and world market prices. Finally, estimation of an error-correction model reveals that short-run transmission of price signals from the world market to domestic producers has improved, such that domestic prices adjust faster today to world price fluctuations than they did prior to the reforms. However, there is some evidence of asymmetries in the way positive and negative world price changes are transmitted to domestic markets.

Forecasting Electricity Spot Prices Accounting for Wind Power Predictions

Abstract: A two-step methodology for forecasting of electricity spot prices is introduced, with focus on the impact of predicted system load and wind power generation. The nonlinear and nonstationary influence of these explanatory variables is accommodated in a first step based on a nonparametric and time-varying regression model. In a second step, time-series models, i.e., ARMA and Holt-Winters, are applied to account for residual autocorrelation and seasonal dynamics. Empirical results are presented for out-of-sample forecasts of day-ahead prices in the Western Danish price area of Nord Pool's Elspot, during a two year period covering 2010-2011. These results clearly demonstrate the practical benefits of accounting for the complex influence of these explanatory variables.

The normal inverse gaussian distribution and spot price modelling in energy markets

Abstract: We model spot prices in energy markets with exponential non-Gaussian Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes. We generalize the classical geometric Brownian motion and Schwartz' mean-reversion model by introducing Levy processes as the driving noise rather than Brownian motion. Instead of modelling the spot price dynamics as the solution of a stochastic differential equation with jumps, it is advantageous from a statistical point of view to model the price process directly. Imposing the normal inverse Gaussian distribution as the statistical model for the Levy increments, we obtain a superior fit compared to the Gaussian model when applied to spot price data from the oil and gas markets. We also discuss the problem of pricing forwards and options and outline how to find the market price of risk in an incomplete market.