Topic
Spot welding
About: Spot welding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12491 publications have been published within this topic receiving 89845 citations. The topic is also known as: Spot_welding.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of spot welds were evaluated using metallographic technique, microhardness and tensile shear tests, and the results showed that the tendency to fail in the pullout mode increased in the order of DP/DP, TRIP/TRIP and DP-TRIP welds, which was caused by the different hardness distribution, carbon equivalent and susceptibility to shrinkage void formation of spot weldings for different combinations.
Abstract: Similar and dissimilar combinations of a 1000 MPa galvanised dual phase (DP) steel and a 980 MPa transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel were resistance spot welded under different welding and heat treatment parameters. The microstructure and mechanical properties of spot welds were evaluated using metallographic technique, microhardness and tensile shear tests. The results showed that the tendency to fail in the pullout mode increased in the order of DP/DP, TRIP/TRIP and DP/TRIP welds, which was caused by the different hardness distribution, carbon equivalent and susceptibility to shrinkage void formation of spot welds for different combinations. In the study of the effects of heat treatments on the DP/TRIP welds, the pre-heating procedure improved the splash of welding to some extent. When the cooling time was larger than or equal to 1000 ms, the post-heating procedure improved the mechanical properties of spot welds owing to the temper of spot weld microstructure.
43 citations
TL;DR: Jaguar cars as mentioned in this paper used self-piercing rivets for metal joining in place of spot welding, but are applied by rivet setters attached to robots, instead of traditional spot welding.
Abstract: Jaguar Cars, the luxury UK automaker, is developing a new car, the X350. For the first time, the company is to use aluminium body panels for the body shell. Aluminium can be difficult to weld so self‐piercing rivets are used for metal joining. The rivets are used in place of spot welding, but are applied by rivet setters attached to robots.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact tensile test (ITT) was used to examine the mechanical and metallurgical behavior of the weld bead, heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal for thin sheet steels used in the car industry.
43 citations
Patent•
05 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and apparatus for automated, non-destructive evaluation of spot welds includes a device for heating a sample containing a spot weld, an infrared camera for detecting changes in the surface temperature of the weld, and a computer to acquire and analyze data from the camera.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for automated, non-destructive evaluation of spot welds includes a device for heating a sample containing a spot weld, an infrared camera for detecting changes in the surface temperature of the weld, and a computer to acquire and analyze data from the camera. In one embodiment, the sample is heated on one side and the time-temperature characteristic is monitored as the heat travels through the sample and the spot weld. The computer generates a histogram that represents the relationship between a particular time-temperature characteristic and the number of pixels exhibiting that characteristic, thereby representing the quality and size of the weld nugget. By generating a histogram corresponding to weld quality, the inventive apparatus and method provides an objective weld quality indicator and allows automation of the evaluation process.
43 citations
TL;DR: This paper introduces a novel method for the quality evaluation of resistance spot welds based on computer vision methods, which allow non-destructive on-line real- time processing and is easy to implement and efficient, which guarantees real-time ability.
Abstract: This paper introduces a novel method for the quality evaluation of resistance spot welds. The evaluation is based on computer vision methods, which allow non-destructive on-line real-time processing. The input of the system is the image of a weld imprint on a metal band which covers the electrodes against wear and soiling. The shape and size of the structures within the imprint correlate with the nugget area and, therefore, allow an accurate estimation of the quality of the spot weld. The system segments the electrode imprint and computes the nugget area from the minimum and maximum axis of a fitted ellipse. This method does not need training samples to perform reliable quality estimation. Additionally, the used algorithms are easy to implement and efficient, which guarantees real-time ability. Since there is only a single low-cost camera needed, the hardware can be placed directly on the gun arm, which makes a fast evaluation possible.
43 citations