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Stability constants of complexes
About: Stability constants of complexes is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8543 publications have been published within this topic receiving 144862 citations.
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TL;DR: The main thrust of the present chapter is to describe a FORTRAN program named "SPECS" in such a way that it can be readily used by the largest number of investigators possible.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the computer programs for calculating total from specified free, or free from specified total ionic concentrations in aqueous solutions containing multiple metals and ligands. Many experiments in biology, biochemistry, biophysics, and physiology require aqueous solutions with concentrations of free cations, far below those obtainable by simply adding the corresponding salts to the solutions. Then metal buffers made up of the metallic ion (or cation) and the appropriate ligand (or anion) must be used. Similarly, living cells contain ligands, such as cation-binding proteins, that cause the total to differ from the free concentrations of metals. Ligands also bind hydrogen ions so that instead of a single complex between metal and ligand, several complexes form, corresponding to various degrees of protonation. Each has its own stability constant. Thus, apparent stability constants (K app ) have to be calculated to characterize the multiple equilibria among one metal, one ligand, and the hydrogen ion at a given pH value. The main thrust of the present chapter is to describe a FORTRAN program named "SPECS" in such a way that it can be readily used by the largest number of investigators possible.
1,045 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a voltammetric technique was developed to examine Fe speciation in seawater, which involves adding an Fe-III-complexing ligand, salicylaldoxime, which competitively equilibrates with inorganic and organic Fe(III) species in ambient seawater.
999 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a complete metal complex data base with linear stability constants and species concentrations of complex systems, including a mixed-ligand binuclear dioxygen system nonaqueous solvents complex multicomponent systems equilibrium with solid phases equilibrium involving hydrolytic species species distributions of hydroxo and fluoro complexes of AI(III).
Abstract: Part 1 Introduction: stability constants - early work recent developments historical evolution of computational methods purpose of this book. Part 2 Equilibrium constants, protonation constants, formation constants: concentration constants and activity constants conventions employment for expressing equilibrium constants equilibrium constants and stability constants for EDTA species distribution curves. Part 3 Experimental methods for measuring equilibrium constants: methods available potentiometric pH measurements displacement methods pH and p[H]measurement of metal complex equilibria: materials, the reaction mixture calibration of the potentiometric apparatus the experimental runs computation of stability constants.Part 4 Common errors and their elimination or minimization: measurements errors calibration and electrode care reagents equilibrium measurements calculations selection of the model. Part 5 Examples of stability constant determination: iminodiacetic acid (IDA) procedure for IDA C-BISTREN procedure for C-BISTREN. Part 6 Macroscopic and microscopic constants: some definitions and concepts ionization of tyrosine microscopic protonation equilibria of DOPA general comments and conclusions. Determination of stability constants and species concentrations of complex systems: a mixed-ligand binuclear dioxygen system non-aqueous solvents complex multicomponent systems equilibrium with solid phases equilibrium involving hydrolytic species species distributions of hydroxo and fluoro complexes of AI(III). Part 7 Critical stability constants and their selection: general criteria examples of critical data selection need for additional critical constants. Part 8 Development of a complete metal complex data base: introduction linear stability. constant correlations estimation of estability constants not measured experimentally metal speciation in sea water with and without added ligands.
962 citations
TL;DR: The most common stoichiometric determination during formulation studies is 1:1, i.e. one drug molecule forms a complex with one cyclodextrin molecule, and the apparent stability constant (K1:1) of the 1:2 drug/cyclodextrins complexes calculated by the phase-solubility method is found.
562 citations