Showing papers on "Stand-alone power system published in 1988"
01 Dec 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, a distributed power supply system with highly efficient characteristics is developed to replace conventional centralized power systems, where a standby energy system composed of batteries and engine-generator sets is used as a back-up system for the commercial power lines.
Abstract: A distributed power supply system with highly efficient characteristics is being developed to replace conventional centralized power systems. In this system, as in conventional power systems, a standby energy system composed of batteries and engine-generator sets is used as a back-up system for the commercial power lines. However, the distributed power system, except for the engine-generator set, is installed in the telecommunications room. Thus, the floor load limitation is an important design factor. Reliability analyses show that the distributed power system should be designed using a fully duplicated engine-generator set; with battery reserve time reduced to one-sixth that of conventional centralized power systems; and with transfer switch unavailability designed to be less than 5*10/sup -7/. >
18 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the potential for residential electricity conservation in the residential sector in the U.S. and the potential of electrical efficiency in the industrial sector in Brazil. But, they do not consider the impact of building energy standards on energy use and demand.
Abstract: I. Electricity: Trends and the Impact of Efficiency.- Electricity - The Political and Economic Context.- The Successes of Conservation.- Changing Patterns of Electricity Demand in Homes: An International Overview.- Power System Planning for the Next 20 Years.- II. Load Management Technologies and Programs.- The Concept of Demand-Side Management.- Load Management Technologies and Programs in the U.S.- Energy Management Systems.- Cool Storage in Commercial Buildings: Efficient and Cost-Effective Technology.- III. Prices and Metering.- Smart Meters.- Application and Potential of ACCET's (A Communication Customer Electronic Terminal).- Marginal Cost Pricing: An Efficient Tool to Ensure Electricity Demand Side Management.- A Spot Price Based Energy Marketplace.- Deregulation and Wheeling.- IV. Cogeneration.- Cogeneration Principles and Practices and a European Overview.- V. End-Use Technologies.- V.1MotorsandControls.- Electromechanical Energy Conversion by Controlled Electrical Drives.- Developments, Applications and Cost-Effectiveness of Variable Speed AC Drives.- Use of Electronic Adjustable Speed Drives in Commercial Buildings.- V.2Lighting.- Present-Day Light Sources.- From Light Source to Lighting Unit.- V.3IndustrialProcesses.- The Development of New Efficient Electricity End-Use Equipment and Processes in the French Industry.- Advances in Electrical Drying.- Electricity Savings in Refrigeration Processes.- V.4HeatPumps.- Heat Pumps - Basic Principles.- Application of Heat Pumps.- Research and Development in the Area of Heat Pump Technology.- V.5HVACSystems.- Design of Efficient HVAC Systems.- V.6HomeAppliances.- Technology Developments in Home Appliances.- Low Electricity Household for the Future.- Affordability and Pleasure: The Lessons from Low Energy Housing.- VI. Standards and Policies.- The Impact of Building Energy Standards on Energy Use and Demand.- Energy Targets: An Innovative Approach to Building Energy Standards.- Energy and Economic Savings from National Appliance Efficiency Standards in the U.S.- Sociological and Psychological Barriers to Electricity Savings.- The Political and Economic Implications of an Intensive Electricity Conservation Programme.- International and National Approaches to End-Use Technology Development.- VII. Case Studies.- Electricity Conservation in Brazil: Potential and Progress.- Electricity Conservation in Developing Countries - A Case Study for Pakistan.- Potentials for Technical Electricity Savings Using Known Technology.- Electricity Conservation in Japan.- The Potential for Residential Electricity Conservation in the U.S.: The PG&E Case Study.- The Potential for Electrical Efficiency in the Residential Sector Case Study Michigan, USA.
18 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid wind-photovoltaic energy system has been installed to provide the electricity requirements of a group of nine dwellings in Milton Keynes, UK. The design philosophy of the system, which consists of a 22kW wind turbine, 4.5kW photovoltaic arrays, battery storage and power conditioning equipment, was described.
Abstract: A “hybrid” wind-photovoltaic energy system has been installed to provide the electricity requirements of a group of nine dwellings in Milton Keynes. The scheme is a European Community Energy Demonstration project. The design philosophy of the system, which consists of a 22kW wind turbine, 4.5kW photovoltaic arrays, battery storage and power conditioning equipment, will be described. Performance monitoring of the system is being carried out during 1987 and 1988.
10 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The potential for PV as a utility service option to customers and for Pacific Gas & Electric Company's (PG&E's) own internal operations applications is examined in this paper, where the cost of PV power is compared to that of line extensions for customers with remote power requirements.
Abstract: The potential for PV as a utility service option to customers and for Pacific Gas & Electric Company's (PG&E's) own internal operations applications is examined. The cost of PV power is compared to that of line extensions for customers with remote power requirements. Key factors that influence a utility's decision to install PV for distributed applications are discussed. Preliminary findings show that many remote sites, perhaps several thousand, exist within PG&E's service territory where stand-alone PV power generation is technically feasible and the most economically competitive power source. PV could also have a significant impact on PG&E when used for dispersed grid-connected applications within the utility's electrical distribution system. >
6 citations
TL;DR: The Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) is responsible for the generation and transmission of electricity in England and Wales as mentioned in this paper, and has 78 power stations with a net capacity of 52 GW, and about 77% of generation is from coal and about 16% from nuclear power.
Abstract: The Central Electricity Generating Board is responsible for the generation and transmission of electricity in England and Wales. Currently the CEGB has 78 power stations with a net capacity of 52 GW, and about 77% of generation is from coal and about 16% from nuclear power. For the future, 900 MW coal-fired units are under development, and the first PWR is under construction. Wind power and other forms of generation will provide further diversity of energy sources
6 citations
18 May 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, a wind and hydro powered electricity network is installed on the island of Foula, which includes pump storage capacity and a standby diesel generator, and the tariff structure will help to optimise benefits from the system.
Abstract: A wind and hydro powered electricity network is being installed on the island of Foula. The system includes pump storage capacity and a standby diesel generator. System stability and the maximum use of renewable energy will be provided by automatically switched heating loads situated within domestic dwellings. A central supervisory computer will integrate the operation of the system. The tariff structure will help to optimise benefits from the system. >
5 citations
16 Feb 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the impact of wind energy on power system operation, and the nature of its contribution to system reliability and firm power, both at low system penetrations and as the installed wind capacity rises.
Abstract: The author discusses the impact of wind energy on power system operation, and the nature of its contribution to system reliability and firm power, both at low system penetrations and as the installed wind capacity rises. At low penetrations, wind energy can be assessed as firm power both in terms of its contribution to system reliability and in its fuel saving value. The operational penalties at very low levels are negligible, and certainly well under 5% of the ideal fuel savings for the first few thousand megawatts of WECs capacity on the CEGB system. The penalties associated with wind power rise steadily as the penetration increases, but at a fairly slow rate. It seems highly unlikely that wind utilisation in Britain will ever be seriously limited by system problems-the CEGB system can probably accommodate wind energy contributions in the region of 40-50% of demand before losses necessarily become prohibitive.
4 citations
Patent•
07 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, a new and improved electric generating system comprising a plurality of electrical devices interconnected and assembled so as to convert low voltage direct current into high voltage alternating current in a continuous noninterruptable and self relying flow is presented.
Abstract: A new and improved electric generating system comprising a plurality of electrical devices interconnected and assembled so as to convert low voltage direct current into high voltage alternating current in a continuous noninterruptable and self relying flow. This system is a battery powered unit continuously sustained by a automatic battery recharging proceedure.
2 citations
01 Mar 1988
TL;DR: This paper integrates aspects of depletion and inventory control models to investigate optimal production from hydro-reservoirs and considers two institutional frameworks: A monopoly, which sells electricity to the integrated electricity network; a welfare optimal utilization of electricity from annual hydro storage plants.
Abstract: This paper integrates aspects of depletion and inventory control models to investigate optimal production from hydro-reservoirs. Power stations with storage attempt to transfer electricity production from the high supply (summer) to the high demand (winter) season. This paper is motivated by the Austrian hydrothermal system of power plants and the adverse supply of hydro power. The paper considers two institutional frameworks: A monopoly, which sells electricity to the integrated electricity network; a welfare optimal utilization of electricity from annual hydro storage plants. The electricity supplied from annual storage reservoirs are utilized in both cases to substitute for electricity generated in those (thermal) power plants which produce inefficiently at the offered price. The theoretical framework is empirically applied to Austrian data.