Showing papers on "Stand-alone power system published in 2010"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an up-to-date review of the state of technology, installations and some challenges of electrical energy storage (EES) systems, focusing on the applicability, advantages and disadvantages of various EES technologies for large-scale VRES integration.
919 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the current state of the simulation, optimization and control technologies for the stand-alone hybrid solar-wind energy systems with battery storage, and found that continued research and development effort in this area is still needed for improving the systems' performance, establishing techniques for accurately predicting their output and reliably integrating them with other renewable or conventional power generation sources.
809 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the potential economic implications of using vehicle batteries to store grid electricity generated at off-peak hours for off-vehicle use during peak hours and found that the maximum annual profit with perfect market information and no battery degradation cost ranged from ∼US$140 to $250 in three U.S. cities.
506 citations
10 May 2010
TL;DR: This paper provides a general framework within which to analyse the Nash equilibrium of an electricity grid and devise new agent-based storage learning strategies that adapt to market conditions and shows that in the UK electricity market, it is possible to achieve savings of up to 13% on average for a consumer on his electricity bill with a storage device of 4 kWh.
Abstract: The use of energy storage devices in homes has been advocated as one of the main ways of saving energy and reducing the reliance on fossil fuels in the future Smart Grid. However, if micro-storage devices are all charged at the same time using power from the electricity grid, it means a higher demand and, hence, requires more generation capacity, results in more carbon emissions, and, in the worst case, breaks down the system due to over-demand. To alleviate such issues, in this paper, we present a novel agent-based micro-storage management technique that allows all (individually-owned) storage devices in the system to converge to profitable, efficient behaviour. Specifically, we provide a general framework within which to analyse the Nash equilibrium of an electricity grid and devise new agent-based storage learning strategies that adapt to market conditions. Taken altogether, our solution shows that, specifically, in the UK electricity market, it is possible to achieve savings of up to 13% on average for a consumer on his electricity bill with a storage device of 4 kWh. Moreover, we show that there exists an equilibrium where only 38% of UK households would own storage devices and where social welfare would be also maximised (with an overall annual savings of nearly GBP 1.5B at that equilibrium).
354 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed previous studies of water use in electricity generation and used full-life cycle accounting to evaluate water demand factors, both withdrawal and consumption, for conventional-and renewable-electrical power plants.
Abstract: Water use by the electric power industry is attracting renewed interest as periods and zones of arid weather are increasingly encountered, and various regional energy-production scenarios are evaluated. However, there is a scarcity of data on upstream water factors and discrepancies of data from different sources. We reviewed previous studies of water use in electricity generation and used full-life cycle accounting to evaluate water demand factors, both withdrawal and consumption, for conventional- and renewable-electrical power plants. Our investigation showed that moving to technologies like photovoltaics and wind offers the best option for conserving our water supply. We also emphasize the importance of employing a transparent, balanced approach in accounting life-cycle water usages.
330 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the possibility of supplying electricity from a solar-wind hybrid system to a remotely located model community detached from the main electricity grid in a remote location.
321 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a PV-diesel hybrid power system with battery backup for a village being fed with diesel generated electricity to displace part of the diesel by solar.
266 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the operation of the Utsira plant using a set of updated hydrogen energy system modeling tools (HYDROGEMS), which were used to calibrate the model parameters and fine tune the set-up of a system simulation.
260 citations
TL;DR: The development of the grid co-ordination rule and the scheme for improvement in power quality norms as per IEC-standard on the grid has been presented.
Abstract: Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines. The paper study demonstrates the power quality problem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid. In this proposed scheme STATic COMpensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the real power source under fluctuating wind power. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme relives the main supply source from the reactive power demand of the load and the induction generator. The development of the grid co-ordination rule and the scheme for improvement in power quality norms as per IEC-standard on the grid has been presented.
248 citations
01 Dec 2010
TL;DR: A newly developed time-varying, hourly-based electricity tariff for end-consumers is proposed, that has been designed to truly reflect marginal costs of electricity provision, based on spot market prices as well as on electricity grid load levels, which is directly incorporated into the MPC cost function.
Abstract: A method to reduce peak electricity demand in building climate control by using real-time electricity pricing and applying model predictive control (MPC) is investigated. We propose to use a newly developed time-varying, hourly-based electricity tariff for end-consumers, that has been designed to truly reflect marginal costs of electricity provision, based on spot market prices as well as on electricity grid load levels, which is directly incorporated into the MPC cost function. Since this electricity tariff is only available for a limited time window into the future we use least-squares support vector machines for electricity tariff price forecasting and thus provide the MPC controller with the necessary estimated time-varying costs for the whole prediction horizon. In the given context, the hourly pricing provides an economic incentive for a building controller to react sensitively with respect to high spot market electricity prices and high grid loading, respectively. Within the proposed tariff regime, grid-friendly behaviour is rewarded. It can be shown that peak electricity demand of buildings can be significantly reduced. The here presented study is an example for the successful implementation of demand response (DR) in the field of building climate control.
243 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed methodology to assess the impact of wind generation on the voltage stability of a power system is presented, which demonstrates the value of using time-series ac power flow analysis techniques in assessing the behavior of power system.
Abstract: As wind generation begins to contribute significantly to power systems, the need arises to assess the impact of this new source of variable generation on the stability of the system. This work provides a detailed methodology to assess the impact of wind generation on the voltage stability of a power system. It will also demonstrate the value of using time-series ac power flow analysis techniques in assessing the behavior of a power system. Traditional methods are insufficient in describing the nature of wind for steady-state analyses, and as such, a new methodology is presented to address this issue. Using this methodology, this paper will show how the voltage stability margin of the power system can be increased through the proper implementation of voltage control strategies in wind turbines.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present experimental results from the operation of a test bench constituted of a Grid-connected hybrid system, which includes wind and photovoltaic (PV) physical emulators, battery energy storage, load and a controlled interconnection to the Low Voltage (LV) grid.
TL;DR: A novel integrated control system with inherent current sharing and generation mode swapping capability is proposed; based on system component status, the control system is able to regulate the output power from each source under different scenarios.
Abstract: Fuel cells (FCs) are being considered as a potential alternative in long term to replace diesel/gasoline combustion engines in vehicles and emergency power sources. However, high cost and slow dynamic response of FC still persist as the main hurdles for wider applications. To remedy this problem, an energy storage system with adequate power capacity has to be incorporated. This paper presents a novel control design for FC-battery hybrid power system which enables both active current sharing and power source management control in such hybrid systems. Different hybrid power system structures are investigated and evaluated; dual-converter structure and four modes of operation are defined to provide efficient and sustainable solution to such a hybrid power system. A novel integrated control system with inherent current sharing and generation mode swapping capability is proposed; based on system component status, the control system is able to regulate the output power from each source under different scenarios. The dedicated control system is implemented in a TMS320F2812 DSP, and experimental results for an FC-battery-based uninterruptible power supply are provided to demonstrate the static and dynamic performance of the control system.
TL;DR: In this article, a long-term, multi-area, and multistage model for the supply/interconnections expansion planning of integrated electricity and natural gas (NG) is presented.
Abstract: A long-term, multiarea, and multistage model for the supply/interconnections expansion planning of integrated electricity and natural gas (NG) is presented in this paper. The proposed Gas Electricity Planning (GEP) model considers the NG value chain, i.e., from the supply to end-consumers through NG pipelines and the electrical systems value chain, i.e., power generation and transmission, in an integrated way. The sources of NG can be represented by NG wells, liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals and storages of NG and LNG. The electricity generation may be composed by hydro plants, wind farms, or thermal plants where the latter represent the link between the gas and the electricity chain. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear optimization problem which minimizes the investment and operation costs to determine the optimal location, technologies, and installation times of any new facilities for power generation, power interconnections, and the complete natural gas chain value (supply/transmission/storage) as well as the optimal dispatch of existing and new facilities over a long range planning horizon. A didactic case study as well as the Brazilian integrated gas/electricity system are presented to illustrate the proposed framework.
TL;DR: In this article, the potential for a 100% renewable electricity generation system with substantially increased levels of wind penetration was explored, and modelled electricity production from wind, geothermal and additional peaking options.
TL;DR: A new stand-alone wind-PV hybrid generation system is proposed for application to remote and isolated areas that can provide high efficiency with the use of maximum-power-point tracking methods.
Abstract: With ever-increasing concerns on energy issues, the development of renewable energy sources is becoming more and more attractive. This paper first reviews both the wind power and photovoltaic (PV) power generation techniques and their maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) methods. Then, a new stand-alone wind-PV hybrid generation system is proposed for application to remote and isolated areas. For the wind power generation branch, a new doubly excited permanent-magnet brushless machine is used to capture the maximum wind power by using online flux control. For the PV power generation branch, a single-ended primary inductance converter is adopted to harness the maximum solar power by tuning the duty cycle. The experimental results confirm that the proposed hybrid generation system can provide high efficiency with the use of MPPT.
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid system was proposed as a renewable resource of power generation for grid connected applications in three cities in Iraq, and the proposed system was simulated using MATLAB solver, in which the input parameters for the solver were the meteorological data for the selected locations and the sizes of PV and wind turbines.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a complete methodology, able to define the dimensions of an autonomous electricity generation system based on the maximum available solar potential exploitation at minimum electricity generation cost, and special emphasis was given in order to select the most cost-efficient energy storage configuration available.
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimization model for renewable energies is used to identify a configuration among a set of systems that meets the desired system reliability requirements with the lowest electricity unit cost. But the main objective of the present study is to determine the optimum size of systems able to fulfill the requirements of 50kWh/day primary load with 11kW peak load for 50 households for three remote sites located at Cox's Bazar, Sylhet and Dinajpur.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the electricity storage technologies relevant for large power systems and present an estimation of the economic feasibility of electricity storage using the west Danish power market area as a case.
TL;DR: In this article, the tradeoffs between power management algorithm design and battery energy capacity were quantified in a systematic and rigorous manner, and the degree to which blending enables smaller battery energy capacities was evaluated as a function of both daily driving distance and energy (fuel and electricity) pricing.
TL;DR: Methods to determine the optimal storage size for grid-connected dwellings with PV panels are developed and the aspects that should be taken into consideration before buying a specific battery like lead–acid and lithium-ion batteries are treated.
TL;DR: If the authors assume that voltage source inverters (VSI) can replace CSIs, they can generate reactive power proportionally to the remaining unused capacity at any given time and show the feasibility of the method.
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-part survey instrument collected data from new vehicle buyers in California to explore potential PHEV energy impacts was used to estimate the electricity and gasoline use under three recharging scenarios and showed that the use of PHEV vehicles could halve gasoline use relative to conventional vehicles.
Abstract: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can be powered by gasoline, grid electricity, or both. To explore potential PHEV energy impacts, a three-part survey instrument collected data from new vehicle buyers in California. We combine the available information to estimate the electricity and gasoline use under three recharging scenarios. Results suggest that the use of PHEV vehicles could halve gasoline use relative to conventional vehicles. Using three scenarios to represent plausible conditions on PHEV drivers’ recharge patterns (immediate and unconstrained, universal workplace access, and off-peak only), tradeoffs are described between the magnitude and timing of PHEV electricity use. PHEV electricity use could be increased through policies supporting non-home recharge opportunities, but this increase occurs during daytime hours and could contribute to peak electricity demand. Deferring all recharging to off-peak hours could eliminate all additions to daytime electricity demand from PHEVs, although less electricity is used and less gasoline displaced.
Patent•
06 Aug 2010TL;DR: In this paper, an energy management system includes: a first interface configured to receive a first power from a power generation system; a second interface configured for receiving the third power from the storage device; and a third interface configured with the goal of supplying a fourth power to at least one of the power grid or a load.
Abstract: An energy management system includes: a first interface configured to receive a first power from a power generation system; a second interface configured to couple to the power generation system, a power grid, and a storage device, and to receive at least one of the first power from the power generation system, a second power from the power grid, or a third power from the storage device, and to supply a fourth power to at least one of the power grid or a load; and a third interface configured to receive the third power from the storage device, and to supply a fifth power to the storage device for storage.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential impact of a large amount of wind generation on the GB gas network was investigated using a combined gas and electricity network model, considering the varying nature of gas and electric power flows, network support facilities such as gas storage and compressors, and the power ramping characteristics of various power plants.
Patent•
08 Jan 2010TL;DR: In this paper, an individual consumer control optimizing unit of the power demand/supply management server calculates control contents to an electrical equipment having a minimum cost evaluation value based on a simulation result of cost evaluation values which are barometers for evaluating a comfort and an electricity bill excessiveness.
Abstract: A power demand/supply management server (10) obtains information defining restraint contents to a comfort and an electricity bill from a consumer power operating device (2). An individual-consumer control optimizing unit of the power demand/supply management server (10) calculates control contents to an electrical equipment having a minimum cost evaluation value based on a simulation result of cost evaluation values which are barometers for evaluating a comfort and an electricity bill excessiveness, and transmits the calculated control contents to the consumer power operating device (2). Also, a whole-consumer optimizing unit of the power demand/supply management server (10) calculates the most appropriate electricity unit meter-charge that ensures a necessary demand suppression plan level throughout the whole power system based on an electricity daily load curve for each consumer.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use an hourly electricity dispatch model to simulate and investigate operation of the current California grid and its response to added vehicle and fuel-related electricity demands in the near term.
25 Jul 2010
TL;DR: Simulation results show, that the proposed optimal operation strategy for a battery energy storage system (BESS) in relation to the real-time electricity price in order to achieve the maximum profits of the BESS.
Abstract: Since the hourly spot market price is available one day ahead, the price could be transferred to the consumers and they may have some motivations to install an energy storage system in order to save their energy costs. This paper presents an optimal operation strategy for a battery energy storage system (BESS) in relation to the real-time electricity price in order to achieve the maximum profits of the BESS. The western Danish power system, which is currently the grid area in the world that has the largest share of wind power in its generation profiles and may represent the future of electricity markets in some ways, is chosen as the studied power system in this paper. Two kinds of BESS, based on polysulfide-bromine (PSB) and vanadium redox (VRB) battery technologies, are studies in the paper. Simulation results show, that the proposed optimal operation strategy is an effective measure to achieve maximum profits of the BESS. The results also show that it will take longer time to return the original investment of the VRB battery. So the PSB battery is the better investment choice for the time being.
TL;DR: In this article, the capacity of power generation installed and electricity generation from the years 1967 to 2008 has been gathered and the total pollutant emissions and emission per unit electricity generation for each type of power plants have also been calculated using emission factors and the pattern of electricity generation and emission has been presented.
Abstract: The electricity consumption growth in Iran requires a rapid development of power plant construction. Like many other countries, most of the power plants in Iran are using fossil fuel. In the past decade, thermal power plants generated about 94% of electricity and about 6% was generated by renewable sources such as hydro-power. This study is to show a clear view of 42 years an evolutionary trend of Iran's electricity generation industry. The capacity of power generation installed and electricity generation from the years 1967 to 2008 has been gathered. The total pollutant emissions and emission per unit electricity generation for each type of power plants have also been calculated using emission factors and the pattern of electricity generation and emission has been presented. The results shown that encouraging of using renewable energy sources and increasing the contribution of the combined cycle as a best type of thermal power plants and use more natural gas is recommended to reduce emission.