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Standard penetration test

About: Standard penetration test is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 961 publications have been published within this topic receiving 18440 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Significant factors affecting the liquefaction (or cyclic mobility) potential of sands during earthquakes are identified, and a simplified procedure for evaluating the potential of sand during earthquakes is presented as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Significant factors affecting the liquefaction (or cyclic mobility) potential of sands during earthquakes are identified, and a simplified procedure for evaluating liquefaction potential which will take these factors into account is presented Available field data concerning the liquefaction or nonliquefaction behavior of sands during earthquakes is assembled and compared with evaluations of performance using the simplified procedure It is suggested that even the limited available field data can provide a useful guide to the probable performance of other sand deposits, that the proposed method of presenting the data provides a useful framework for evaluating past experiences of sand liquefaction during earthquakes and that the simplified evaluation procedure provides a reasonably good means for extending previous field observations to new situations When greater accuracy is justified, the simplified liquefaction evaluation procedure can readily be supplemented by test data on particular soils or by ground response analyses to provide more definitive evaluations

2,250 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In 1996, a workshop sponsored by the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER) was convened by Professors T. L. Youd and I. M. Idriss with 20 experts to review developments over the previous 10 years as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Following disastrous earthquakes in Alaska and in Niigata, Japan in 1964, Professors H. B. Seed and I. M. Idriss developed and published a methodology termed the ''simplified procedure'' for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils. This procedure has become a standard of practice throughout North America and much of the world. The methodology which is largely empirical, has evolved over years, primarily through summary papers by H. B. Seed and his colleagues. No general review or update of the procedure has occurred, however, since 1985, the time of the last major paper by Professor Seed and a report from a National Research Council workshop on liquefaction of soils. In 1996 a workshop sponsored by the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER) was convened by Professors T. L. Youd and I. M. Idriss with 20 experts to review developments over the previous 10 years. The purpose was to gain consensus on updates and augmen- tations to the simplified procedure. The following topics were reviewed and recommendations developed: (1) criteria based on standard penetration tests; (2) criteria based on cone penetration tests; (3) criteria based on shear-wave velocity measurements; (4) use of the Becker penetration test for gravelly soil; (4) magnitude scaling factors; (5) correction factors for overburden pressures and sloping ground; and (6) input values for earthquake magnitude and peak acceleration. Probabilistic and seismic energy analyses were reviewed but no recommen- dations were formulated.

1,766 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors clarified the meaning of the values of standard penetration resistance used in correlations of field observations of soil liquefaction with values of N1 measured in SPT tests.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to clarify the meaning of the values of standard penetration resistance used in correlations of field observations of soil liquefaction with values of N1 measured in SPT tests. The field data are reinterpreted and plotted in terms of a newly recommended standard, (N1)60, determined in SPT tests where the driving energy in the drill rods is 60% of the theoretical free‐fall energy. Energies associated with different methods of performing SPT tests in different countries and with different equipment are summarized and can readily be used to convert any measured N‐value to the standard (N1)60 value. Liquefaction resistance curves for sands with different (N1)60 values and with different fines contents are proposed. It is believed that these curves are more reliable than previous curves expressed in terms of mean grain size. The results presented are in good accord with recommended practice in Japan and China and should, thus, provide a useful basis for liquefaction evaluations in ...

1,180 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simplified procedure using shear-wave velocity measurements for evaluating the liquefaction resistance of soils is presented in this paper, which follows the general format of the Seed-Idriss simplified procedure based on standard penetration test blow count.
Abstract: A simplified procedure using shear-wave velocity measurements for evaluating the liquefaction resistance of soils is presented. The procedure was developed in cooperation with industry, researchers, and practitioners and evolved from workshops in 1996 and 1998. It follows the general format of the Seed-Idriss simplified procedure based on standard penetration test blow count and was developed using case history data from 26 earthquakes and >70 measurement sites in soils ranging from fine sand to sandy gravel with cobbles to profiles including silty clay layers. Liquefaction resistance curves were established by applying a modified relationship between the shear-wave velocity and cyclic stress ratio for the constant average cyclic shear strain suggested by R. Dobry. These curves correctly predicted moderate to high liquefaction potential for >95% of the liquefaction case histories and are shown to be consistent with the standard penetration test based curves in sandy soils. A case study is provided to illustrate application of the procedure. Additional data are needed, particularly from denser soil deposits shaken by stronger ground motions, to further validate the simplified procedure.

665 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the design engineer has two basic choices if he considers it appropriate to neglect the possible effects of drainage occurring during the period of cyclic stress applications: (1) to calculate the stresses induced in the ground by the design earthquake, and to compare these stresses with those required to cause cyclic mobility or liquefaction of representative samples in the laboratory.
Abstract: It is shown that the design engineer has two basic choices if he considers it appropriate to neglect the possible effects of drainage occurring during the period of cyclic stress applications: (1)To calculate the stresses induced in the ground by the design earthquake, and to compare these stresses with those required to cause cyclic mobility or liquefaction of representative samples in the laboratory. The main problem in this approach lies in correctly assessing the characteristics of the in-situ deposit from laboratory tests performed on even good quality undisturbed samples. (2)to be guided by the known field performance of sand deposits correlated with some measure of in-situ characteristics, such as the standard penetration test. In some cases it is desirable to evaluate the possible effects of pore pressure dissipation in different layers of a deposit during and following earthquake shaking. Methods of accomplishing this are reviewed and described.

618 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202349
2022111
202156
202051
201949
201848