Standardization

About: Standardization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9726 publications have been published within this topic receiving 151409 citations. The topic is also known as: standardisation.

Measurement and standardization protocols for anthropometry used in the construction of a new international growth reference.

Abstract: Thorough training, continuous standardization, and close monitoring of the adherence to measurement procedures during data collection are essential for minimizing random error and bias in multicenter studies. Rigorous anthropometry and data collection protocols were used in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study to ensure high data quality. After the initial training and standardization, study teams participated in standardization sessions every two months for a continuous assessment of the precision and accuracy of their measurements. Once a year the teams were restandardized against the WHO lead anthropometrist, who observed their measurement techniques and retrained any deviating observers. Robust and precise equipment was selected and adapted for field use. The anthropometrists worked in pairs, taking measurements independently, and repeating measurements that exceeded preset maximum allowable differences. Ongoing central and local monitoring identified anthropometrists deviating from standard procedures, and immediate corrective action was taken. The procedures described in this paper are a model for research settings.

The diffusion of environmental management standards in Europe and in the United States: An institutional perspective

Abstract: ISO 14001, released in 1996, provides the basic framework for the establishment of an Environmental Management System (EMS) that can be audited and certified ISO is not only an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization, but is also a term that refers to its Greek meaning: ‘equal’ The main rationale for the creation of ISO 14001 was that its worldwide acceptance should facilitate international trade by harmonizing otherwise diffuse environmental management standards and by providing an internationally accepted blueprint for sustainable development, pollution prevention, and compliance assurance

Industry 4.0 Concept: Background and Overview

Abstract: Industry 4.0 is a strategic initiative recently introduced by the German government. The goal of the initiative is transformation of industrial manufacturing through digitalization and exploitation of potentials of new technologies. An Industry 4.0 production system is thus flexible and enables individualized and customized products. The aim of this paper is to present and facilitate an understanding of Industry 4.0 concepts, its drivers, enablers, goals and limitations. Building blocks are described and smart factory concept is presented. A Reference Architecture Model RAMI4.0 and role of standardization in future implementation of Industry 4.0 concept are addressed. The current status of Industry 4.0 readiness of the German companies is presented and commented. Finally it is discussed if Industry 4.0 is really a disruptive concept or simply a natural incremental development of industrial production systems.

Consultative Committee For Space Data Systems

Abstract: The major space agencies of the world recognize that there are benefits in using standard techniques for handling space data and that, by cooperatively developing these techniques, future data system interoperability will be enhanced. In order to assure that work towards standardization of space-related information technologies provides the maximum benefi t for the interested agencies, both individually and collectively, an international Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) was established in 1982 as a forum for international cooperation in the development of data handling techniques supporting space research, including space science and applications. In 1991, the committee was incorporated as a subcommittee of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The article describs the work of CCSDS till its beginning in the 80s till today (2009).

International Electrotechnical Commission

Abstract: The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic, and related technologies. Through its members, known as National Committees (NC), the IEC promotes international cooperation on all questions of electrotechnical standardization and related matters. The supreme authority of the IEC is the Council, which is the general assembly of the National Committees, who are the Commission's members. The IEC also comprises management, executive and advisory bodies, and Officers. Dues are determined according to a formula approved by Council and which takes into account the country's per capita GNP and electricity consumption. The Commission's objectives are to contribute to the improvement of human health and safety and to the protection of the environment. The main trends that have helped the IEC to become the world's authority for electrotechnical standards are Global Industrialization and Technology transfer. Keywords: electrotechnical standards; executive bodies; global industrialization; GNP; International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC); National Committees (NC)