Showing papers on "Stark effect published in 2000"
24 Jan 2000
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the excited state transitions arise from lateral quantization and that tuning through the inhomogeneous distribution of dot energies can be achieved by variation of electric field.
Abstract: New information on the electron-hole wave functions in InAs-GaAs self-assembled quantum dots is deduced from Stark effect spectroscopy. Most unexpectedly it is shown that the hole is localized towards the top of the dot, above the electron, an alignment that is inverted relative to the predictions of all recent calculations. We are able to obtain new information on the structure and composition of buried quantum dots from modeling of the data. We also demonstrate that the excited state transitions arise from lateral quantization and that tuning through the inhomogeneous distribution of dot energies can be achieved by variation of electric field.
443 citations
Book•
01 Feb 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the optical Stark effect and the mixed states of excitons and photons for coherent nonlinear optics, and show that the Stark effect can be achieved with phonons.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Basic theory 3. Interaction with phonons 4. Biexcitons 5. Phase transitions of excitons 6. The optical Stark effect 7. Mixed states of excitons and photons 8. Nonequilibrium kinetics 9. Coherent nonlinear optics 10. New directions Appendix.
203 citations
TL;DR: Frequency shifts of the 199Hg+ 5d106s 2S1/2 to 5d96s2 2D5/2 electric-quadrupole transition at 282 nm due to external fields are calculated, based on a combination of measured atomic parameters and ab initio calculations.
Abstract: Frequency shifts of the (199)Hg(+) 5d (10)6s (2)S1/2 (F = 0, MF = 0) to 5d (9)6s (2 2)D5/2 (F = 2, MF = 0) electric-quadrupole transition at 282 nm due to external fields are calculated, based on a combination of measured atomic parameters and ab initio calculations. This transition is under investigation as an optical frequency standard. The perturbations calculated are the quadratic Zeeman shift, the scalar and tensor quadratic Stark shifts, and the interaction between an external electric field gradient and the atomic quadrupole moment. The quadrupole shift is likely to be the most difficult to evaluate in a frequency standard and may have a magnitude of about 1 Hz for a single ion in a Paul trap.
185 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the quantum confined Stark effect is observed for quantum dots (QD's) exposed to randomly fluctuating electric fields in epitaxial structures, which lead to a jitter in the emission energies of individual QD's.
Abstract: The quantum confined Stark effect is observed for quantum dots (QD's) exposed to randomly fluctuating electric fields in epitaxial structures. These fields, attributed to charges localized at defects in the vicinity of the QD's, lead to a jitter in the emission energies of individual QD's. This jitter has typical frequencies of below about 1 Hz and is characteristic for each QD thus providing a unique means to unambiguously identify the emission spectra of single QD's. Up to eight lines are identified for individual QD's and attributed to excitonic, biexcitonic, and LO-phonon-assisted transitions. The intensity of the LO-phonon replica is surprisingly large corresponding to Huang-Rhys factors of about one.
168 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative scheme for the generation of a two-qubit quantum gate interaction between laser-cooled trapped ions was proposed based on the ac Stark shift (light shift) induced by laser light resonant with the ionic transition frequency.
Abstract: We present an alternative scheme for the generation of a two-qubit quantum gate interaction between laser-cooled trapped ions. The scheme is based on the ac Stark shift (light shift) induced by laser light resonant with the ionic transition frequency. At specific laser intensities, the shift of the ionic levels allows the resonant excitation of transitions involving the exchange of motional quanta. We compare the performance of this scheme with respect to that of related ion-trap proposals and find that, for an experimental realization using traveling-wave radiation and working in the Lamb-Dicke regime, an improvement of over an order of magnitude in the gate switching rate is possible.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the rotational transitions of several hydrogen-bonded complexes between formic acid and water have been observed with a pulsed nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectrometer between 8 and 26 GHz.
Abstract: Rotational transitions of several hydrogen-bonded complexes between formic acid and water have been observed with a pulsed nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectrometer between 8 and 26 GHz. Three sets of rotational transitions have been assigned with the help of their Stark effects and of microwave–microwave double resonance experiments to formic acid–water, formic acid–(water)2 and (formic acid)2–water. Rotational constants and some centrifugal distortion constants have been fitted for each complex, and the components of the permanent electric dipole moments have been determined from Stark splittings. Structures and binding energies from ab initio calculations have been determined to the observed formic acid–water complexes.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, room and low-temperature electroluminescence (EL) in the visible range was observed from a single layer of silicon nanocrystals in between two thin SiO2 layers.
Abstract: Room- and low-temperature electroluminescence (EL) in the visible range was observed from a single layer of silicon nanocrystals in between two thin SiO2 layers. The EL peak wavelength exhibited tunability from the red (∼800 nm) to the yellow (∼600 nm) depending on the excitation voltage. By decreasing the temperature while keeping the excitation voltage constant, an increase in EL intensity was observed together with a blueshift in EL peak position. This blueshift was much larger than that observed under optical excitation. Nonradiative Auger recombination, Coulomb charging effects, and/or the quantum-confined Stark effect are considered accountable for this behavior.
110 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) was proposed for complete transfer of atomic or molecular population between two bound states, by means of a delayed-pulse laser-induced Stark shift.
Abstract: We demonstrate and analyze a novel scheme for complete transfer of atomic or molecular population between two bound states, by means of Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP). In this two-laser technique a delayed-pulse laser-induced Stark shift sweeps the transition frequency between two coupled states twice through resonance with the frequency of the population-transferring coupling laser. The delay of the Stark-shifting pulse with respect to the pulse of the coupling-laser Rabi frequency guarantees adiabatic passage of population at one of the two resonances while the evolution is diabatic at the other. The SCRAP method can give a population-transfer efficiency approaching unity. We discuss the general requirements on the intensity and timing of the pulses that produce the Rabi frequency and, independently, the Stark shift. We particularly stress extension to a double-SCRAP technique, a coherent variant of stimulated emission pumping in the limit of strong saturation. We demonstrate the success of the SCRAP method with experiments in metastable helium, where a two-photon transition provides the Rabi frequency.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, reversible spectral shifts in the emission spectra of self-organized CdSe single quantum dots on a time scale of seconds have been observed and can be attributed to the Stark effect caused by fluctuating local electric fields.
Abstract: We report on reversible spectral shifts in the emission spectra of self-organized CdSe single quantum dots on a time scale of seconds. Energy shifts of up to 3.5 meV have been observed and can be attributed to the Stark effect caused by fluctuating local electric fields. Most surprisingly, the energy shift turns out to be quasi-periodic with time constants between 70 and 190 s.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a temperature and bias-dependent photocurrent study of the excitonic interband transitions of self-assembled quantum dots (QD's) is presented, and the main path for this hole escape process was found to be thermal-assisted hole tunneling, from the dot level to the GaAs barrier via the wetting layer.
Abstract: We present a temperature- and bias-dependent photocurrent study of the excitonic interband transitions of InAs self-assembled quantum dots (QD's). It was found that the carrier escape process from QD's is dominated by hole escape processes. The main path for this hole escape process was found to be thermal-assisted hole tunneling, from the dot level to the GaAs barrier via the wetting layer as an intermediate state. Energy-dependent carrier tunneling from the QD's to the barrier was observed at low temperatures. Energy shifts due to the size-selective tunneling effect and the quantum-confined Stark effect are discussed and compared with the carrier redistribution effect in photoluminescence measurements.
TL;DR: In this article, the rotational spectra of 14 different isotopomers of the hydrogen-bonded dimer H2O···HCl have been measured and the experimental rotational constants imply a nonplanar geometry with R0(OCl) = 3.2273(3) A, and an out-of-plane bend angle of the water subunit φ0 = 34.7(4)°.
Abstract: Rotational spectra of 14 different isotopomers of the hydrogen-bonded dimer H2O···HCl have been measured. On application of a method of analysis designed to minimize the effect of vibration−rotation contributions to the ground state geometry, it was found that the experimental rotational constants imply a nonplanar geometry with R0(OCl) = 3.2273(3) A, and an out-of-plane bend angle of the water subunit φ0 = 34.7(4)°. This angle is consistent with results of ab initio calculations which, at the BSSE corrected, aug-cc-pVDZ/MP2 level, give φ = 46° for the equilibrium configuration and φ = 35.2° for the ground state. The electric dipole moment of H2O···HCl, μ = 3.437(4) D, was determined from Stark effect measurements and, after allowance for the zero-point inversion motion of the water subunit, leads to dipole moment enhancement on complexation Δμ = 0.81 D. Theoretical analysis of contributions to the chlorine nuclear quadrupole splitting constant χaa for H2O···HCl shows that most of the reduction relative t...
TL;DR: In this article, the electric dipole moments of two weakly bound cyclic trimers, (H 2 O) 2 HCl and H 2 O 2 HBr, were determined from Stark effect measurements in rotational spectra recorded at conditions of supersonic expansion.
TL;DR: The vibrational Stark effect measured the effect of an external electric field on the vibrational spectrum of a molecule as discussed by the authors, which can be used to evaluate shifts in the vibration frequency caused by changes in the local electric field in the organized electrostatic matrix of a protein.
Abstract: The vibrational Stark effect measures the effect of an external electric field on the vibrational (IR) spectrum of a molecule. This technique gives quantitative information on the sensitivity of a vibrational peak position to an electric field. This calibration can be used to evaluate shifts in the vibrational frequency caused by changes in the local electric field in the organized electrostatic matrix of a protein, for example, by mutating amino acid residues near the vibration whose frequency is probed. We report vibrational Stark effect measurements for NO bound to several distal pocket mutants of myoglobin, (Val68Asp, Val68Asn, Val68Glu, and His64Val). These mutations were designed to perturb the electrostatic field near the NO bound to the heme iron. The magnitude of the change in dipole moment, |Δμ|, for the vibration of NO bound to heme is found to be approximately 0.12 D/f, that is, the Stark tuning rate is 2.0/f cm-1/(MV/cm) (where f is the local field correction) for a series of distal pocket mu...
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of the optical transitions in CdSe nanocrystals on the presence of "spectator" electrons or holes was calculated using a many-body approach based on single-particle pseudopotential wave functions.
Abstract: Using a many-body approach based on single-particle pseudopotential wave functions, we calculate the dependence of the optical transitions in CdSe nanocrystals on the presence of ‘‘spectator’’ electrons or holes. We find that~i! as a result of the different localization of the electron and hole wave functions, the absorption lines shift by as much as 22 meV/unit charge when electrons or holes are loaded into the quantum dot. ~ii! The lowest emission line is significantly red shifted with respect to the lowest allowed absorption line. ~iii! Trapping of a ‘‘spectator’’ hole in a surface state is predicted to lead to dramatic changes in the absorption spectrum, including the appearance of new transitions. Semiconductor quantum dots can be charged by deliberate injection of carriers ~via electrical contacts, 1 or via a scanning-tunneling-microscopy tip, 2 ! by photoionization processes removing one or more carriers from the quantum dot, 3 or by capture of external charges. 4 The effects of charging on the optical properties of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots have been recently measured both in absorption 5 and emission. 6 It was found that when electrons are progressively loaded into the quantum dots, the absorption and emission energies are redshifted relative to the neutral dots. Furthermore, low-energy lines disappear from the absorption spectrum, 5 while new high-energy lines appear in the photoluminescence spectrum. 6 In colloidal quantum dots, charging of surface states is believed to be at the origin of a variety of unusual phenomena, including the occurrence of a permanent dipole moment even in zincblende dots, 7 intermittency ~blinking! of photoluminescence, 3 spectral diffusion and Stark shift, 8 upconversion of photoluminescence, 9 and possibly even the occurrence of long spin lifetimes. 10 However, there are still no reports on the absorption or emission spectra of charged colloidal dots. The effects of charging on the interband optical transitions can be examined using a screened Hartree-Fock model, where the initial and final states are expressed as Slater determinants. The energy DEh,e(Nes ) required to optically excite an electron from the valence-band state h to the conduction-band state e in the presence of N es ‘‘spectator electrons’’ ( e s ) is:
TL;DR: The effect of an applied electric field on the electronic states of molecular adsorbates was studied by measuring surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as a function of the wavelength of the incident light that excites the SPR.
Abstract: The effect (Stark effect) of an applied electric field on the electronic states of molecular adsorbates was studied by measuring surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as a function of the wavelength of the incident light that excites the SPR. Using the Kramers-Kronig relation, Stark spectra comparable to those obtained with conventional methods were extracted from the electric field-induced SPR angular shift for several organic adsorbates. Because this method relies on detecting the SPR angular shift that can be measured precisely, high-sensitivity Stark spectroscopy can be achieved. In addition, the adsorbate coverage information can be determined from the SPR angular shift upon molecular adsorption.
TL;DR: In this paper, the orientation effects of polar molecules in a uniform electric field are presented for the most general scenario, an asymmetric top molecule with a permanent dipole not parallel to a principal axis.
Abstract: Calculations of orientation effects of polar molecules in a uniform electric field are presented for the most general scenario, an asymmetric top molecule with a permanent dipole not parallel to a principal axis. In addition to details of the calculation procedure, including matrix elements of the Hamiltonian, three different treatments of the population distribution of the Stark levels in an electric field are discussed. The adiabatic approach assumes the noncrossing rule for all energy levels as the orientation field increases, the nonadiabatic approach searches for the level with the most similar wave function under field-free conditions to find the population of the Stark level in the field, and the thermal calculation assumes thermal distribution for all of the Stark levels. Among these, the thermal calculation results in the highest degree of orientation, and in high fields, it shows the best agreement with available experimental data in terms of polarization ratios (the ratios of overall excitation...
TL;DR: In this paper, the eigengies, spatial orientation, and alignment of polar 2Σ molecules subject to congruent static electric and magnetic fields are examined, and the effect of magnetic fields on the first-order Stark effect is investigated.
Abstract: We examine the eigenenergies, spatial orientation, and alignment of polar 2Σ molecules subject to congruent static
electric and magnetic fields. In the presence of a magnetic field only, certain pairs of Zeeman states with opposite
parity intersect. Introducing a congruent electric field connects such states, thereby creating avoided crossings
and a first-order Stark effect which can strongly orient the states. Since this effect, termed ‘‘steric
proficiency,
’’ operates over a narrow range of magnetic field strength, with amplitude determined by the electric
dipole interaction, it should find use both for state selection and as a diagnostic tool for assigning spectral
transitions. Other aspects are illustrated by strategies suggested for some prospective applications.
These include a way to test whether formation of the A 2Σ+ excited electronic state of NaO in the Na+O3 reaction
results from the orientation dependence of electron transfer, and techniques to enable the ground 2Σ+ states
of RbO
and CsO, produced by reacting
NO2 with alkali atoms, to be loaded into a magnetic trap.
TL;DR: In this paper, a layer of InAs self-assembled quantum dots is embedded, with an active area of submicron size, and the ground and excited states in the dots have different spatial alignments of the electron and hole.
Abstract: We have fabricated light-emitting-diode heterostructure devices, in which a layer of InAs self-assembled quantum dots is embedded, with an active area of submicron size. In the electroluminescence spectra of these devices, we observed isolated narrow peaks due to emission from individual dots. From the shift of the peaks in an electric field (the quantum confined Stark effect), we show that the ground and excited states in the dots have different spatial alignments of the electron and hole.
TL;DR: In this paper, the interwell transition exhibits a Stark shift of up to 6 meV and a smaller energy shift of the intrawell transition which is attributed to the tunnel splitting, when the initial and final subbands mix with those of the injectors.
Abstract: Terahertz quantum cascade structures (emission around 20 meV) based on intra- and interwell transitions have been compared in magnetotransport and intersubband-electroluminescence experiments. The interwell transition exhibits a Stark shift of up to 6 meV. We also observe a smaller energy shift of the intrawell transition which is attributed to the tunnel splitting, when the initial and final subbands mix with those of the injectors. The electric field induced narrowing of the emission line and our band structure calculations support this interpretation. The quantum efficiency of the electroluminescence is of similar magnitude for the two transitions, despite their large difference in the spatial subband overlap.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the parallel electric field on the electron and hole energy levels and optical transition energies was investigated theoretically in the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory.
Abstract: Quantum-confined Stark effects in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots are investigated theoretically in the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory. The electron and hole energy levels and optical transition energies are calculated in the presence of perpendicular and parallel electric field. In our calculation, the effect of finite offset, valence band mixing, and strain are all taken into account. The results show that the perpendicular electric field weakly affects the electron ground state and hole energy levels. The energy levels are affected strongly by the parallel electric field. For the electron, the energy difference between the ground state and the first excited state decreases as electric field increases. The optical transition energies have clear redshifts in electric field. The theoretical results agree well with the available experimental data. Our calculated results are useful for the application of quantum dots to photoelectric devices. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)11001-7].
TL;DR: In this article, a review of earlier measurements and calculations of the Stark broadening of the Balmer-α line in plasmas of electron and ion densities from 10 8 - 10 18 cm -3 is discussed with emphasis on high densities up to N e = 10 19 cm −3 and temperatures up to kT = 10 eV.
Abstract: Following a review of earlier measurements and calculations of the Stark broadening of the Balmer-α line in plasmas of electron and ion densities from 10 8 - 10 18 cm -3 , recent measurements and various theoretical developments are discussed with emphasis on high densities up to N e = 10 19 cm -3 and temperatures up to kT = 10 eV. Although there is now fairly quantitative agreement between measured and calculated widths, shifts and profiles for N e ≤ 10 18 cm -3 , serious disagreements are found beyond N e 2 x 10 18 cm -3 . In particular, all calculations exhibit a stronger increase of widths with density than do the Bochum gas-liner pinch measurements, possibly indicating a loss of coherence in the quantum-mechanical interference between electron scattering on upper and lower levels of the line.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the quantum-confined Stark shift of self-assembled quantum dots grown on (100) and (311)B planes, and find that the electron and hole wave functions are displaced by a strain-induced piezoelectric field directed from the apex to the base of the dots.
Abstract: Photocurrent spectroscopy is used to investigate the quantum-confined Stark shift of In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots grown on (100) and (311)B planes. By comparing the Stark shift for dots grown on (100) and (311)B planes, we find that in the (311)B dots, the electron and hole wave functions are displaced by a strain-induced piezoelectric field directed from the apex to the base of the dots.
TL;DR: In this article, the optical properties of self-assembled quantum dots grown on (N11)A/B GaAs substrates, by means of cw photoluminescence under different excitation power densities, were investigated.
Abstract: We investigate the optical properties of InAs self-assembled quantum dots grown on (N11)A/B GaAs substrates, by means of cw photoluminescence under different excitation power densities. We observe a sizeable blue-shift of photoluminescence band induced by increasing the photogenerated carrier density. The shift depends on the substrate orientation and exhibits a strong asymmetric dependence on the substrate termination. We attribute the photoluminescence blue-shift to a reverse quantum confined Stark shift of ground state transition energies in the quantum dots. This effect arises from the photogenerated charge screening of the built-in piezoelectric field present in such strained structures grown on high index planes.
TL;DR: Gutowsky and Arunan as mentioned in this paper used the Fabry-Perot cavity to measure first and second order Stark splittings of several low-J transitions of the benzene-water dimer.
Abstract: The geometry of the Fabry–Perot cavity makes it difficult to use for measuring the Stark effect. A “Stark cage” is described which generates an electric field suitable for this purpose. The cage is used to measure first and second order Stark splittings of several low-J transitions of the benzene-water dimer previously reported [Gutowsky, Emilsson, and Arunan, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 4883 (1993)]. The dipole moment is found to depend somewhat on rotational state, ranging from 1.65 to 2.00 Debye for both ground m=0 and first excited m=1 internal rotation states of the dimer. Additional m=1 transitions are reported, including the previously missing downshifted line of a k=0′ doublet. Its presence and various Stark effects require reassignment of the m=1 spectrum. The results demonstrate that each J→J+1 spectrum consists of three distinct components which arise from the H2O in an unusual way. In addition to the k-doublets, there are two progressions; a set of (J+1) negative k’s running from −J to 0, and a set of ...
TL;DR: The frequency of the dark resonance in coherent population trapping experiments has been measured as a function of the degree of ellipticity and the intensity of the probe light to find the quantum limit of sensitivity of an optical magnetometer based on the nonlinear Faraday effect.
Abstract: The frequency of the dark resonance in coherent population trapping experiments has been measured as a function of the degree of ellipticity and the intensity of the probe light. The results have been used to find the quantum limit of sensitivity of an optical magnetometer based on the nonlinear Faraday effect.
TL;DR: In this paper, the complex absorbing potential (CAP) method was applied to calculate the Stark shifts and widths of the ground and excited states of the H atom under the influence of external DC electric fields.
Abstract: We present the complex absorbing potential (CAP) method to investigate the Stark effect in hydrogen and lithium The numerical technique as applied to calculations of Stark shifts and widths yields an appealing, simple and powerful tool for the computation of resonance parameters of the scattering processes The feasibility and accuracy of the present method are demonstrated by the numerical evidence of the Stark shifts and widths of H atom ground and excited states The results agree satisfactorily with the available results in the literature Moreover, the method provides unambiguous advantages over other existing methods for the calculation of resonance parameters in a many-electron system and is illustrated for the low-lying states of the Li atom under the influence of external DC electric fields Some new results are reported
TL;DR: In this article, the first time in direct methanol fuel cells on Pt black catalysts supported only on the polymer electrolyte (Nafion) in membrane electrode assemblies, the bipolar peaks resulting from the Stark shift of CO absorbance peaks are inverted indicating an anomalous increase in the reflectivity where CO infrared absorption occurs.
Abstract: Adsorbed CO Stark tuning rates have been studied for the first time in direct methanol fuel cells on Pt black catalysts supported only on the polymer electrolyte (Nafion) in membrane electrode assemblies. The bipolar peaks resulting from the Stark shift of CO absorbance peaks are inverted, indicating an anomalous increase in the reflectivity where CO infrared absorption occurs. The vibrational Stark tuning data suggests that CO oxidation occurs on the perimeter of COads islands, which is consistent with the formation of CO within and above Pt double layer potentials as reported by Kunimatsu. This is expected since methanol is continuously delivered to the anode at all potentials in direct methanol fuel cells.
TL;DR: In this article, the interpretation of a measured x-ray spectrum from a carbon plasma induced by sub-picosecond laser pulses was re-examined and a synthetic Lyman spectrum emitted from a plasma layer at a given temperature and density, using a microscopic approach to the lineshape in dense, non-ideal plasmas.
Abstract: The interpretation of a measured x-ray spectrum from a carbon plasma induced by subpicosecond laser pulses (Wilhein T et al 1998 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15 1235) is re-examined. We calculate a synthetic Lyman spectrum emitted from a plasma layer at a given temperature and density, using a microscopic approach to the lineshape in dense, non-ideal plasmas. Special attention is given to the Stark broadening of the Ly-γ line. Self-absorption is taken into account within a simple model considering one-dimensional radiation transport in a plasma layer. Comparing the synthetic spectrum with the experimental one, we infer a temperature of T = 106 K and an electron density of ne = 3×1021 cm-3. While the temperature is in agreement with Wilhein et al, the inferred density disagrees by one order of magnitude.
TL;DR: In this article, an Advanced Generalized Theory (AGT) was proposed, which yields closed-form expressions for the width, shift and coupling of Stark states in plasmas.
Abstract: The Generalized Theory (GT) of Stark broadening of Stark broadening of hydrogen lines in plasmas, published by Ispolatov and Oks (JQSRT 1994; 51:19-9-38) is based on nonperturbative treatment of one component of the electron field. Therefore the GT is intrinsically more accurate than the fully-perturbative, Standard Theories (ST), such as the theory by Kepple–Griem (Phys Rev 1968; 173:317–25) (KG) and the theory by Sholin-Demura-Lisitsa (Sov Phys JETP 1973; 37:1057–65) (SDL). The present paper introduces an Advanced Generalized Theory (AGT), that yields closed-form expressions for the width, shift and coupling of Stark states. We also present tables of the AGT Stark widths of Lyman and Balmer lines for transitions with upper levels having principal quantum numbers n≤16 and for electron densities from Ne=1013 cm−3 to Ne=1020 cm−3. The mathematical simplicity of the AGT results make it possible to gain physical insight into the important features of the generalized theories that distinguish the AGT/GT from its predecessors. Empirical choices of important characteristic impact parameters made previously, are shown, using the insights possible with the AGT, to be inaccurate: (A) In the AGT, the effective Weisskopf radius ρW is proportional to n2, while SDL had empirically chosen ρW proportional to n; (B) in the AGT, the effective Weisskopf radius ρW is defined for each Stark component (i.e., dependent on the electric quantum number q), while KG had empirically chosen a component-independent ρW; (C) in the AGT the ion-field-dependent upper cutoff ρF is proportional to 1/n while KG had empirically chosen an expression for ρF proportional to 1/n2. The AGT shows that in high fields or high density range, the coupling between the ion and electron broadenings is significantly stronger than proposed by both the KG and SDL theories. Even in the low field or low density range, where the coupling between the ions and electrons broadening is negligible, the results of the AGT are more accurate than the results of the Standard Theories. In addition to yielding the effective Weisskopf radius (as noted above), the AGT can evaluate the “strong collision constant” — in distinction to both the KG and SDL theories, where the choice of this constant is empirical. The comparison of the tabulated Stark widths with the KG Stark widths indicates that the inaccuracy of the KG width is significantly increased with the increasing electron density Ne and upper principal quantum number n. However, even for the Lα line at, e.g., densities 1017 cm−3 — where the experimental width is a factor of two greater than the calculated KG width and the entire difference between the two widths was usually attributed to the ion dynamics — it turns out that the AGT eliminates about one half of this discrepancy indicating that the ion-dynamical contribution is in reality about a factor of two smaller than it was previously assumed.