Topic
State of charge
About: State of charge is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12013 publications have been published within this topic receiving 201419 citations. The topic is also known as: SoC & SOC.
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TL;DR: A novel approach using Deep Feedforward Neural Networks (DNN) is used for battery SOC estimation where battery measurements are directly mapped to SOC, and this single DNN is able to estimate SOC at various ambient temperature conditions.
413 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an electro-thermal model for cylindrical batteries is presented, which consists of two sub-models, an equivalent-circuit electrical model and a two-state thermal model which are coupled through heat generation and temperature dependence of the electrical parameters.
411 citations
TL;DR: An autonomous distributed V2G control scheme for smart charging control of electric vehicles and effect to the load frequency control is evaluated through a simulation by using a typical two area interconnected power grid model and an automotive lithium-ion battery model.
Abstract: To integrate large scale renewable energy sources in the power grid, the battery energy storage performs an important role for smoothing their natural intermittency and ensuring grid-wide frequency stability. Electric vehicles have not only large introduction potential but also much available time for control because they are almost plugged in the home outlets as distributed battery energy storages. Therefore, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is expected to be one of the key technologies in smart grid strategies. This paper proposes an autonomous distributed V2G control scheme. A grid-connected electric vehicle supplies a distributed spinning reserve according to the frequency deviation at the plug-in terminal, which is a signal of supply and demand imbalance in the power grid. As a style of EV utilization, it is assumed that vehicle use set next plug-out timing in advance. In such assumption, user convenience is satisfied by performing a scheduled charging for the plug-out, and plug-in idle time is available for the V2G control. Therefore a smart charging control is considered in the proposed scheme. Satisfaction of vehicle user convenience and effect to the load frequency control is evaluated through a simulation by using a typical two area interconnected power grid model and an automotive lithium-ion battery model.
407 citations
TL;DR: A stand-alone power system based on a photovoltaic array and wind generators that stores the excessive energy from renewable energy sources (RES) in the form of hydrogen via water electrolysis for future use in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is currently in operation at Neo Olvio of Xanthi, Greece.
400 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a state variable model for Li-ion battery discharge/charge behavior is presented. But the model is based on a nonlinear CFD model of a 6 Ah battery and the model output equation is derived on a local, electrode-averaged and distributed basis.
396 citations