Topic
State of charge
About: State of charge is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12013 publications have been published within this topic receiving 201419 citations. The topic is also known as: SoC & SOC.
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: A classification of the methods that have been proposed to design an Adaptive- ECMS (A-ECMS) controller is proposed and a comparative analysis in simulation of three adaptation laws falling into the class of algorithms of adaptation through feedback of SOC is carried out.
Abstract: The problem of adapting the equivalence factor of the Equivalent Consumption Mini- mization Strategy (ECMS) to achieve a real time implementable sub-optimal solution of the problem of energy management in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has been the object of extensive research over the last decade. Contributions in the open literature range from methods based on prediction of driving cycle to driving pattern recognition to feedback from state of charge. In this paper, we first propose a classification of the methods that have been proposed to design an Adaptive-ECMS (A-ECMS) controller and then we carry out a comparative analysis in simulation of three adaptation laws falling into the class of algorithms of adaptation through feedback of SOC. Simulation results are performed on a parallel hybrid vehicle and show the performances of the three adaptation laws as compared to the optimal ECMS (a suitable proxi for the global optimal solution given by the dynamic programming algorithm).
79 citations
Patent•
30 Jun 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a control system for an electric powered vehicle that provides substantially greater control and related features than the simple control systems known in the art, such as simple control system can be utilized with bicycles, scooters, tricycles, four-wheeled vehicles and the like.
Abstract: A control system for an electric powered vehicle provides substantially greater control and related features than the simple control systems known in the art. The control system can be utilized with any type of electric powered vehicle, such as bicycles, scooters, tricycles, four-wheeled vehicles, and the like. In a first embodiment of the invention, the control system estimates an amount of heat generated in the vehicle electric motor and assigns heat credits based on the relationship between the estimated motor heat and a predetermined heat level. The operation of the motor is then controlled in accordance with the available heat credits so as to prevent overheating of the motor. In a second embodiment of the invention, the control system monitors the current state of charge of the battery and presents that information to the rider. Since the battery voltage is affected by the load on the battery mostly due to the motor, the motor is periodically disconnected from the battery so that an unloaded battery voltage measurement can be made. In a third embodiment of the invention, the control system monitors the current operational state of the motor to detect a failure mode in which the full battery voltage is applied to the motor, potentially causing it to run away at full torque and full speed. When a failure mode is detected, the control system first attempts to shut off control signals to the motor. If this fails to stop the failure mode condition, the control system disconnects the battery from the motor by opening a fuse. In a fourth embodiment of the invention, the control system includes a cruise control feature that allows the electric powered vehicle to operate at a desired speed set by the rider. In a fifth embodiment of the invention, the control system controls operation of vehicle lights to accommodate variations in battery voltage. In a sixth embodiment of the invention, the control system controls operation of a horn so that it can also function to provide audible signals reflection operational conditions of the vehicle. In a seventh embodiment of the invention, the control system allows the vehicle to operate in a biofeedback mode to serve as an exercise or training device for the rider.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the parameter sensitivity of an electrochemical model under both the charging process and real-world driving cycles and determined the boundaries for the sensitivity analysis of 26 physical parameters.
78 citations
Patent•
07 Feb 2001TL;DR: A method and apparatus for determining the state of charge of a battery including the steps of determining whether the battery is in a charge decreasing, sustaining or increasing mode is described in this article.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the state of charge of a battery including the steps of determining whether the battery is in a charge decreasing, sustaining or increasing mode, integrating the charge going in and out of the battery to determine a current-based state of charge measurement if the battery is in a charge increasing or sustaining mode, and determining the open circuit voltage to determine an open circuit-based state of charge measurement if the battery is in a charge decreasing mode.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of negative lead-acid battery electrodes in the partial state of charge regime can be improved by the addition of graphite to the active mass and by adding titanium dioxide.
78 citations