Topic
State of charge
About: State of charge is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12013 publications have been published within this topic receiving 201419 citations. The topic is also known as: SoC & SOC.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: An improved Thevenin model of the Lithium-ion battery taking into account temperature influence on the calculation accuracy of the open circuit voltage of a battery is proposed without increasing the order of the model.
67 citations
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal capacity, energy dispatching and techno-economic benefits of standalone microgrid in remote area in Tamilnadu, India were investigated using hybrid optimization model for electric renewable energy.
Abstract: Microgrids with hybrid renewable energy sources are increasing and it is a promising solution to electrify remote areas where distribution network expansion is not feasible or not economical. Standalone microgrids with environment-friendly hybrid energy sources is a cost-effective solution that ensures system reliability and energy security. This paper determines the optimal capacity, energy dispatching and techno-economic benefits of standalone microgrid in remote area in Tamilnadu, India. Microgrids with hybrid energy sources comprising photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), battery energy storage system (BESS) and diesel generator (DG) are considered in this paper. Various case studies are implemented with hybrid energy sources and for each case study a comparative analysis of techno-economic benefits is demonstrated. Eight different configurations of hybrid energy sources are modeled with renewable fractions of 50%, 60%, 65%, and 100%, respectively. The optimization analysis is carried out using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software. Impact of demand response is also demonstrated on energy dispatching and techno-economic benefits. Simulation results are obtained for the optimal capacity of PV, WT, DG, converter, and BESS, charging/discharging pattern, state of charge (SOC), net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), initial cost, operation cost, fuel cost, greenhouse gas emission penalty and payback period considering seasonal load variation. It is observed that PV+BESS is the most economical configuration. COE in standalone microgrid is higher than the conventional grid price. The results show that CO
2
emissions in hybrid PV+WT+DG+BESS are reduced by about 68% compared with the traditional isolated distribution system with DG.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review presents applications of different forms of elemental carbon in lead-acid batteries, including reticulated current collectors for both negative and positive plates, as well as carbon nanostructures and composite materials can also play a role.
Abstract: A review presents applications of different forms of elemental carbon in lead-acid batteries. Carbon materials are widely used as an additive to the negative active mass, as they improve the cycle life and charge acceptance of batteries, especially in high-rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) conditions, which are relevant to hybrid and electric vehicles. Carbon nanostructures and composite materials can also play such a role. The positive active mass additions are generally less beneficial than the negative ones. Carbon can also be applied as a material for reticulated current collectors for both negative and positive plates. This modern technology allows to increase the battery specific energy and active mass utilization. Batteries with such collectors can show improved cycle life, owing to a better active mass mechanical support. Other recent use of carbon in secondary batteries is as supercapacitor electrodes. They can replace the negative plate or be connected in parallel with such a lead plate. These solutions increase the specific power and HRPSoC performance. Presented new carbon-based technologies in a construction of lead-acid batteries can significantly improve their performance and allow a further successful competition with other battery systems.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical dynamic characteristics of a lithium-ion battery have been simulated by an equivalent circuit, which is derived from the measured impedance, and the transient voltage response to the various kinds of applied current waves such as single pulse, single rectangular, triangle, and sawtooth waves is experimentally examined and calculated by using the numerical Laplace transform with the equivalent circuit.
66 citations