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State (polity)

About: State (polity) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 36954 publications have been published within this topic receiving 719822 citations. The topic is also known as: state (polity).


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the consequences of these threats from above and below for the character of the modern state, and propose a solution to the threats from both above and from below.
Abstract: At First Sight it Might Appear Somewhat Curious to be studying the efficacy of the liberal democratic state just at that historic moment when liberal democracy seems to have triumphed on a global scale. Yet within contemporary Europe, the nature of political community and sovereign power have been thrown into question by the resurgence of ethnic nationalism, the intensification of regional integration and global turbulence. Taken together, these forces appear to deliver a fundamental challenge to the democratic ideals which underpin liberal democratic states. This article seeks to evaluate the nature of this challenge. It invites specific consideration of the consequences of these ‘threats from above’ and ‘threats from below’ for the character of the modern state.

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Clemens Six1
TL;DR: The idea of development co-operation took shape during the decades of global decolonisation and growing political autonomy of the former colonies as mentioned in this paper, and it can be understood as a historic reconfiguration of the centre-periphery relationship originally established through colonisation.
Abstract: The idea of development co-operation—the ‘development paradigm’—took shape during the decades of global decolonisation and growing political autonomy of the former colonies. It can be understood as a historic reconfiguration of the centre–periphery relationship originally established through colonisation. The rise of new state donors such as China or India questions not only the established modes of development co-operation but also the development paradigm as a whole. Themselves historical products of anti-colonialism and political autonomy understood as non-alignment as well as absolute sovereignty, these new ‘Southern’ donors question the very idea of development (co-operation) as a Western, postcolonial concept. This paper, first, attempts to characterise the ‘development paradigm’, providing a historical contextualisation of the development discourse in its continuities and ruptures. Second, it asks what the rise of new state donors such as China and India looks like at the political–normati...

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the broadening scope of anthropological studies of law between 1949 and 1999, and considered how the political background of the period may be reflected in anglophone academic perspectives.
Abstract: This article reviews the broadening scope of anthropological studies of law between 1949 and 1999, and considers how the political background of the period may be reflected in anglophone academic perspectives. At the mid-century, the legal ideas and practices of non-Western peoples, especially their modes of dispute management, were studied in the context of colonial rule. Two major schools of thought emerged and endured. One regarded cultural concepts as central in the interpretation of law. The other was more concerned with the political and economic milieu, and with self-serving activity. Studies of law in non-Western communities continued, but from the 1960s and 1970s a new stream turned to issues of class and domination in Western legal institutions. An analytic advance occurred when attention turned to the fact that the state was not the only source of obligatory norms, but coexisted with many other sites where norms were generated and social control exerted. This heterogeneous phenomenon came to be called ‘legal pluralism’. The work of the half-century has culminated in broadly conceived, politically engaged studies that address human rights, the requisites of democracy, and the obstacles to its realization.

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-J3ea
TL;DR: The challenge to the nation-state: Immigration in Western Europe and the United States as discussed by the authors, a volume on immigration and immigration policy in the U.S. and countries of the European Union.
Abstract: Challenge to the Nation-State: Immigration in Western Europe and the United States Christian Joppke, Editor New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 360 pp. In highly developed Western countries, popular notions run rampant about a weakening of the nation-state's sovereignty. Among the state's supposed destroyers are: post-modern economic globalism, tribalistic ethnic nationalism, pressures for international human rights, and supranational imperatives. These 'challenges to the nation-state' are given thorough examination and critique in this edited volume on immigration and immigration policy in the U.S. and countries of the European Union. Though the tide may lead the reader to believe odierwise, the volume asserts that the nationstate, in fact, is not in decline, and does not face any serious challenge to its existence from international migration. All chapters are well referenced and are grounded primarily in the examination of immigration politics and law, de jure and de facto, in the United States, Great Britain, France and Germany. Challenge to the Nation-State lacks a concluding chapter, although the introduction is sufficient in providing a framework for understanding the research presented in the other chapters. By 'nation-state,' Joppke intends a territorially sovereign polity defined largely by the ability to grant and deny citizenship to individuals in order to guarantee continuity in the relationship between state and individual. Joppke's introduction offers a fine summary of the findings of contributing authors, but also doggedly maintains a unifying theoretical framework, and attempts to take discussions on immigration further than any of the individual chapters. His basic thesis is that the nation-state can and still does maintain sovereignty over its borders, its affordance of rights and privileges, and its affordance of citizenship, often balancing a change in one with an opposite change in another. In the end, citizenship always has been and always will be granted by a territorially sovereign polity. Challenge to Sovereignty, the first section following the introduction, addresses territorial sovereignty-one of the two political bases for the modern nation-state. The authors in this section note changes in the decision-making arena for states in recent years, but resoundingly conclude that decision-making tools and ultimate authority over the movement of people (while experiencing new constraints) still lie with national governments, not extra-national bodies. And while Soyal's Limits of Citizenship (1995) continues to have an influence over this discussion, as it is referenced by some of the authors, few are entirely sympathetic to Soyal's polemic stance about the reach of post-nationalism. Saskia Sassen is the single author in the volume who asserts that immigration is a serious challenge to the state. The odiers are more skeptical. Sassen's globalizing economy paradigm dichotomizes regulations for information, capital, and goods vs. regulations for migrants and labor, the former more transnational, the latter more international. In this model, the state has the twofold goal of globalizing the economy while maintaining state sovereignty, thereby undermining state authority and power. This chapter uncritically cites many global processes (e.g., judicial tools, deregulation, bond-raters, international commercial arbitration) as evidence for the dissolution of statehood. However, it is also the only chapter to devote much attention to the relation between state sovereignty and the governance of global economic practices. Sassen's chapter, diough a minority viewpoint, also considers international economics, which is found lacking in the odier chapters. The contribution by Gary Freeman contends Sassen's by arguing that most variation and developments in immigration policies can be explained better by domestic politics than by structural economic adjustment. In addition, especially intriguing in light of current nationalistic sentiments around the world, are his findings that, among actual policy outcomes, there resides little basis for the claim that Western states are becoming more restrictive against immigration. …

145 citations


Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202214
2021837
20201,140
20191,144
20181,239
20171,447