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Step-index profile
About: Step-index profile is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3104 publications have been published within this topic receiving 53199 citations.
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TL;DR: A double-periodic array of pairs of parallel gold nanorods is shown to have a negative refractive index in the optical range, which results from the plasmon resonance in the pairs of nanorod for both the electric and the magnetic components of light.
Abstract: A double-periodic array of pairs of parallel gold nanorods is shown to have a negative refractive index in the optical range. Such behavior results from the plasmon resonance in the pairs of nanorods for both the electric and the magnetic components of light. The refractive index is retrieved from direct phase and amplitude measurements for transmission and reflection, which are all in excellent agreement with simulations. Both experiments and simulations demonstrate that a negative refractive index n???0.3 is achieved at the optical communication wavelength of 1.5??m using the array of nanorods. The retrieved refractive index critically depends on the phase of the transmitted wave, which emphasizes the importance of phase measurements in finding n?.
1,567 citations
TL;DR: Simple formulas and functions for the fiber parameters are presented as a help for practical design work that considers the propagation constant, mode delay, the cladding field depth, and the power distribution in the fiber cross section.
Abstract: Thin glass fibers imbedded into a glass cladding of slightly lower refractive index represent a promising medium for optical communication. This article presents simple formulas and functions for the fiber parameters as a help for practical design work. It considers the propagation constant, mode delay, the cladding field depth, and the power distribution in the fiber cross section. Plots vs frequency of these parameters are given for 70 modes
1,506 citations
942 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology with a wet chemical etch-erosion procedure and demonstrate two types of refractive index sensors using singlemode optical fibers.
Abstract: We combine fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology with a wet chemical etch-erosion procedure and demonstrate two types of refractive index sensors using single-mode optical fibers. The first index sensor device is an etch-eroded single FBG with a radius of 3 μm, which is used to measure the indices of four different liquids. The second index sensor device is an etch-eroded fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) with a radius of ~1.5 μm and is used to measure the refractive indices of isopropyl alcohol solutions of different concentrations. Due to its narrower resonance spectral feature, the FFPI sensor has a higher sensitivity than the FBG sensor and can detect an index variation of 1.4 X 10(-5). Since we can measure the reflection signal, these two types of sensors can be fabricated at the end of a fiber and used as point sensors.
644 citations
TL;DR: The WKB approximation is used to derive simple equations that predict the shape of the index profile from measured mode indices of a planar optical waveguide and results are compared with mathematical solutions for exponential, Fermi, and step distributions.
Abstract: The WKB approximation is used to derive simple equations that predict the shape of the index profile from measured mode indices of a planar optical waveguide. This nondestructive test is a useful tool in the study of diffused guides. The index profile is assumed either to decrease monotonically from the surface or to be symmetrical in the case of a buried guide. The approximation uses straight line segments to connect the measured points. Results are compared with mathematical solutions for exponential, Fermi, and step distributions and with other independent experimental observations of the profile in a nickel-diffused LiNbO(3) guide.
566 citations