Topic
Steroid biosynthesis
About: Steroid biosynthesis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1721 publications have been published within this topic receiving 58977 citations.
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01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for modeling and simulation of nanoparticle and molecular nanosystems, and present an interpretation of STM images of carbon-nanotube systems.
Abstract: Preface. Photograph of Participants. Part I. Modeling and Simulation of Nanoparticle and Molecular Nanosystems. Multiscale computer simulations in physics, chemistry and biology: the example of silica J. Horbach, et al. Application of the IMOMM (Integrated Molecular Orbital Molecular Mechanics) method for biopolymers I. Komaromi, L. Muszbek. Molecular orbital simulation of semiconductor and metal clusters V. Gurin. Modeling and interpretation of STM images of carbon nanosystems G.I. Mark, et al. Carbon Nanotubes under internal pressure B.A. Galanov, et al. Part II. Nanotechnology of Nanoparticle and Molecular Nanosystems. Recognition templates for biomaterials with engineered bioreactivity B. Ratner, et al. Layer-by-layer method for immobilization of protein molecules on biochip surface G. Zhavnerko, et al. Enzyme electrodes with enzyme immobilised by sol-gel technique M. Przybyt, M. Bialkowska. Template-directed lattices of nanostructures preparation and physical properties S. Romanov. Templates for metal nanowire self-assembly M. Brust, et al. Layer-by-layer assembly of nanotubes and nanofilms from nanoparticle and polymer blocks for electronic applications N. Kovtyukhova, et al. Non-thermal plasma synthesis of nanocarbons A. Huczko, et al. A novel network structure of organometallic clusters in gas phase A. Nakajima, K. Kaya. Nanotechnology of DNA/nano-Si and DNA/Carbon nanotubes/nano-Si chips E. Buzaneva, et al. Part III. Fundamental Properties of Nanosystems. Fundamental properties and applications of fullerene and carbon nanotube systems P. Scharff. Fundamental properties of DNA: some lessons from studies on the molecular basis of drug binding M. Waring. DNA modifications by novel antitumorplatinum drugs V. Brabec. Studies on protein electron carrier complexes: adrenodoxin reductase-adrenodoxin complex in steroid biosynthesis S. Mardanyan, Y. Sargisova. Interaction of nucleic acids and lipids from tumour cells with anticancer drugs: an SEIRA spectroscopy data G. Dovbeshko, et al. Aggregation of fullerenes in pyridine/water solutions V.L. Aksenov, et al. Infrared spectrum of fullerene C60 aggregates in water solution A.A. Golub, et al. Electrical and magnetic properties of undoped fullerene polymers T. Makarova, B. Sundqvist. Direct transition in the porous nanosilicon measured by electroflectance R.Y. Holiney, et al. Part IV. Single and Assembled Molecules Experiments. Scanning probe microscopy of biomacromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins and their complexes O.I. Kisolyova, et al. Application of atomic force microscopy in protein and DNA biochips development O. Stukalov. Peculiarities of Th. Terrestris spores surface ultrastructure investigated by AFM E.H. Gromozova, et al. Part V. Multifunctional Nanosystems. Relaxation of nanostructured molecular materials under the infuence of solvent vapors Y. Shirshov, et al. Biospecific interactions on the optical transducer surface -- the base of infection diagnostics N. Starodub, et al. Thin film biotermosensors A. Shmyryeva, N. Starodub. Porous silicon as transducer for immune sensors: from theory to practice V. Starodub. A porous silicon microcavity as an optical and electrical multiparametric chemical sensor Z. Gaburro, et al. Composite silicon-based photonic crystals and light emission and sensor elements L. Karachevtseva. Optical transmission of macroporous silicon A. Remenyuk, et al. Magnetoresistive sensors and memory
23 citations
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TL;DR: Possession of the A2 variant of CYP17 may predispose to an increased risk of RPL with a gene dosage effect, and this polymorphism was investigated by PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism using DNA from peripheral lymphocytes.
Abstract: The CYP17 gene encodes the enzyme cytochrome P450c17a, which mediates both 17a-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activity in the steroid biosynthesis pathway. A TfiC polymorphism in the 5¢ promoter region of CYP17 has been described. To examine the association between recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and a polymorphism in CYP17, a case‐control study of 117 cases with RPL and 164 controls was conducted. This polymorphism was investigated by PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism using DNA from peripheral lymphocytes. The TfiC transition in the variant allele (A2) creates a new recognition site for the restriction enzyme MspA1, which permits designation of the wildtype allele (A1) and A2. Women with the A2 allele of CYP17 had an increased risk of RPL [A1/A1 genotype (reference); A1/A2 genotype: odds ratio (OR), 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94‐3.01; A2/A2 genotype: OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.16‐4.83; P trend, 0.016]. Additionally, there was a similar tendency for the increased risk of primary RPL [A1/A1 genotype (reference); A1/A2 genotype: OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.14‐4.01; A2/A2 genotype: OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.16‐5.41; P trend, 0.015]. These results suggest that possession of the A2 variant of CYP17 may predispose to an increased risk of RPL with a gene dosage effect.
23 citations
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TL;DR: Data demonstrate a potent steroidogenic activity for AII as well as AI, [des-asp1]AI and [ Des-asp2-arg2]AII in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells and a common receptor site for all four peptides is suggested.
Abstract: The effect of angiotensin I (AI), angiotensin II (All), [des-asp1]AI, [des-asp1]AII and [des-asp1-arg2]AII on corticosteroid production in isolated fasciculata cells from bovine adrenals has been studied. All and [des-asp1]AII in concentrations ranging from 10−9M to 10−6M had a potent stimulatory effect on steroid biosynthesis. The dose-response curves for both peptides were identical. AI was about 3 times less potent than All and [des-asp1]AII. The effect of AI was not due to its conversion to All. [des-asp1]AI was as active as AI. No significant conversion to [des-asp1]AII was observed. [des-asp1-arg2]AII had only a minimal effect on steroidogenesis. The structural analog [sar1,-ala8]AII inhibited all angiotensins specifically and competitively. The affinity of the cellular binding site was higher for All and [des-asp1]AII than for [sar1ala8]AII, but lower for AI and [des-asp1]AI than for the inhibitor. Combination of submaximal doses of AI and All resulted in an additive effect on steroid production. B...
22 citations
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TL;DR: The 14α-demethylation is an essential reaction of steroid biosynthesis by eukaryotes, because most of the functional steroids have no 14-methyl group.
Abstract: Lanosterol 14α-demethylase (cytochrome P45014DM) is a housekeeping enzyme occurring widely in eukaryotes. It is a cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase catalyzing the conversion of lanosterol or 24,25-dihydrolanosterol (DHL) to the 14-demethylated and 14,15-desaturated derivatives by removing the 14α-methyl group (C32) as formic acid (Fig. 1) (Watkinson and Akhtar 1969; Alexander et al. 1972; Gibbons and Mitropoulos 1973; Mitropoulos et al. 1976; Aoyama and Yoshida 1978; Aoyama et al. 1984; Trzaskos et al. 1986). The 14α-demethylation is an essential reaction of steroid biosynthesis by eukaryotes, because most of the functional steroids have no 14-methyl group.
22 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new target in the treatment of atherosclerosis, which is closely related to mitochondrial dynamics, such as steroid biosynthesis, calcium homeostasis, immune cell activation, redox signaling, apoptosis, and inflammation.
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathological basis of CVD. Mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained through the dynamic processes of fusion and fission. Mitochondria are involved in many cellular processes, such as steroid biosynthesis, calcium homeostasis, immune cell activation, redox signaling, apoptosis, and inflammation, among others. Under stress conditions, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial cristae remodeling, and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) production increase, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decreases, calcium homeostasis is imbalanced, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore open (mPTP) and release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are activated. mtDNA recognized by TLR9 can lead to NF-κB pathway activation and pro-inflammatory factor expression. At the same time, TLR9 can also activate NLRP3 inflammasomes and release interleukin, an event that eventually leads to tissue damage and inflammatory responses. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction may amplify the activation of NLRP3 through the production of mitochondrial ROS, which together aggravate accumulating mitochondrial damage. In addition, mtDNA defects or gene mutation can lead to mitochondrial oxidative stress. Finally, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and aging are risk factors for the progression of CVD, which are closely related to mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics may represent a new target in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants, mitochondrial inhibitors, and various new therapies to correct mitochondrial dysfunction represent a few directions for future research on therapeutic intervention and amelioration of atherosclerosis.
22 citations