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Steroid biosynthesis

About: Steroid biosynthesis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1721 publications have been published within this topic receiving 58977 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
Qian Jiang1, Youcheng Yu, Xiao-Jun Ding, Yin Luo, Hong Ruan 
TL;DR: It is concluded that the genes and pathways identified in the work may play critical roles in OSCC development and the significant genes (proteins and pathways) and pathways may be targets for therapy in the future.
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of our study was to explore the molecular mechanisms in the process of oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) development. Method: We downloaded the affymetrix microarray data GSE31853 and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OSCC and normal tissues. Then Gene Ontology (GO) and Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) networks analysis was conducted to investigate the DEGs at the function level. Results: A total 372 DEGs with logFC| >1 and P value < 0.05 were obtained , including NNMT, BAX, MMP9 and VEGF. The enriched GO terms mainly were associated with the nucleoplasm, response to DNA damage stimuli and DNA repair. PPI network analysis indicated that GMNN and TSPO were significant hub proteins and steroid biosynthesis and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies were significantly dysregulated pathways. Conclusion: It is concluded that the genes and pathways identified in our work may play critical roles in OSCC development. Our data provides a comprehensive perspective to understand mechanisms underlying OSCC and the significant genes (proteins) and pathways may be targets for therapy in the future.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data suggest that pregnane glycosides specifically suppress steroidogenesis through strong inhibition of 11β‐hydroxylase and steroid 17‐alpha‐monooxygenase, and weak inhibition of cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme and 21β‐ dehydrogenase/isomerase, but not 3 β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases/isomersase.
Abstract: Despite the apparent lack of extensive clinical research and toxicological evaluations, Hoodia-containing remedies remain one of the most popular dietary pills on the loosely regulated US botanical dietary supplement market (Rader et al., 2007). P57AS3 pregnane glycoside is the only reported active constituent from H. gordonii that acts as an appetite suppressant in rodents (van Heerden et al., 2007) by possibly increasing ATP content of hypothalamic neurons (MacLean and Luo, 2004). In a single, double blind, placebo controlled trial with 50 healthy volunteers receiving 1 g of Caralluma extract per day for 60 days, waist circumference and hunger showed a significant decline in the experimental group when compared to the placebo after 2 months of treatment (Kuriyan et al., 2007). However, the 15 days repeated consumption study in healthy overweight women receiving two 1,110 mg servings of pregnane glycoside-enriched H. gordonii extract reported no significant mean effects on energy intake and body weight, and raised a safety concern as H. gordonii extract was less well tolerated than placebo because of episodes of nausea, emesis, and increased levels of plasma bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase associated with the treatment (Blom et al., 2011). Recently, we showed that consumption of the pregnane glycoside-enriched extract from the fast-growing swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata (Warashina and Noro, 2000a,b) produced melanocortin receptors-mediated suppression of food intake in rats in the absence of adverse outcomes during a 90 days subchronic toxicity study (Komarnytsky et al., 2013a). While no-observable adverse effect level for pregnane glycoside-enriched extract when administered daily via oral gavage to rats was estimated at 40 mg/kg/day, we have observed a transitional increase in incidence and severity of vacuolization of the adrenal cortex in males given 50 mg/kg/day of the extract that returned to normal during the recovery phase (Komarnytsky et al., 2013a). This data raised an intriguing possibility that pregnane glycosides might affect steroidogenesis similar to cardiac glycosides digioxin, digitoxin (Pu et al., 2006), and oubain (Kau et al., 2005); however, no studies have examined their cellular and molecular targets or specific mechanism by which pregnane glycosides modulate steroid biosynthesis. H295R cells, cultured from a human adrenocortical carcinoma, are capable of producing all corticosteroids and expressing all the major pathways of steroidogenesis, including the main steroidogenic enzymes (Gazdar et al., 1990). The present study therefore examined the effects of pregnane glycoside-enriched extracts from H. gordonii (Hge) or A. incarnata (incarnatin), and individual pregnane glycosides isolated from A. incarnata roots, on corticosteroid secretion from H295R cells as well as enzymatic activity and mRNA transcript levels of key steroidogenesis-regulating proteins.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Shuo Zhou1, Yanfen Ma1, Dan Zhao1, Yuling Mi1, Caiqiao Zhang1 
TL;DR: This study identifies the dominant genes involved in the promotion of follicular development in oviparous vertebrates and represents the extraordinary gene regulation pattern related to development of the growing follicles in poultry.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that pathway analysis enhances the ability to detect biologically relevant changes in pathway activity using synthetic data and may be considered for a more comprehensive analysis of microarray data.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gene expression in the oviduct epithelium was more affected by the location relative to the corpus luteum than by lactation at Day 3 post-estrus, and the effect of the proximity to the CL was modulated by the metabolic status of the cow.
Abstract: Lactation and associated metabolic stresses during the post-partum period have been shown to impair fertility in dairy cows. The oviduct plays key roles in embryo development and the establishment of pregnancy in cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lactation and location relative to the corpus luteum (CL) on the transcriptome of the bovine oviduct epithelium. An original animal model was used. At 60 days post-partum, Holstein lactating (n = 4) and non-lactating (i.e. never milked after calving; n = 5) cows, as well as control nulliparous heifers (n = 5), were slaughtered on Day 3 following induced estrus, and epithelial samples from the oviductal ampulla and isthmus ipsilateral and contralateral to the corpus luteum (CL) were recovered for RNA sequencing. In the oviduct ipsilateral to the CL, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between heifers compared with both postpartum cow groups. However, only 15 DEGs were identified between post-partum lactating and non-lactating cows in the ipsilateral isthmus and none were identified in the ipsilateral ampulla. In contrast, 192 and 2583 DEGs were identified between ipsilateral and contralateral ampulla and isthmus, respectively. In both regions, more DEGs were identified between ipsilateral and contralateral oviducts in non-lactating cows and heifers than in lactating cows. Functional annotation of the DEGs associated with comparisons between metabolic groups highlighted a number of over-represented biological functions and cell pathways including immune response and cholesterol/steroid biosynthesis. Gene expression in the oviduct epithelium, particularly in the isthmus, was more affected by the location relative to the CL than by lactation at Day 3 post-estrus. Furthermore, the effect of the proximity to the CL was modulated by the metabolic status of the cow.

20 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202315
202221
2021117
2020109
201975
201860