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Steroid biosynthesis
About: Steroid biosynthesis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1721 publications have been published within this topic receiving 58977 citations.
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TL;DR: The structure-activity relationship analysis suggested lipophilicity, whose increase seems to be generally related to steroidogenesis inhibition, and steric hindrance, which appeared as a stimulation-limiting factor, as two main properties to control in the design or optimization of novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based TSPO ligands endowed with potential in modulating the steroidogenesis process.
16 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that cadmium up-regulates StAR gene expression through phosphorylated CREB rather than through SF-1 in mouse testicular Leydig cells, an essential factor for steroid biosynthesis.
Abstract: Cadmium is a widely used heavy metal in industry and affects the male reproductive system of animals, including humans, as a result of occupational and environmental exposures. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its effect on steroidogenesis in gonads remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that exposure of K28 mouse testicular Leydig tumor cells to cadmium led to a significant increase in the mRNA level, promoter activity and protein level of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), an essential factor for steroid biosynthesis. It has been well documented that StAR gene transcription is regulated by multiple transcription factors, including cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) family members and SF-1. Cadmium treatment caused an increase in CREB phosphorylation but did not alter the CREB protein level in the nucleus. EMSA studies revealed that cadmium-induced phosphorylated CREB formed specific complexes with the proximal region of the StAR gene promoter. Furthermore, co-transfection with a CREB expression plasmid significantly increased cadmium-induced StAR promoter activity. However, the nuclear level and the affinity of SF-1 protein for the StAR proximal promoter were dramatically decreased upon exposure to cadmium. Taken together, these results suggest that cadmium up-regulates StAR gene expression through phosphorylated CREB rather than through SF-1 in mouse testicular Leydig cells.
16 citations
Book•
01 Jun 1987
TL;DR: This work presents evidence for Intratesticular Factors Which Mediate the Response of Leydig Cells to Disruption of Spermatogenesis, and the Orchestration of Parturition: Does the Fetus play the Tune?
Abstract: Section I: Hypothalamus and Other Brain Areas.- Estrogen Acting on Hypothalamic Neurons May Have Trophic Effects on Those Neurons and the Cells on Which They Synapse.- Gonadal Steroid Control of Synaptogenesis in the Neuroendocrine Brain.- The Electrophysiology of the Hypothalamic Gonadotropic Hormone Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Pulse Generator in the Rhesus Monkey.- Ovarian Feedback Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion and Action.- Short and Ultrashort Feedback Control of Gonadotropin Secretion.- The Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal System: Role of Peptides and Sex Steroids.- Involvement of GABA in the Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction.- Section II: Pituitary.- Hypothalamic Biogenic Amines and the Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Rat.- Dual Action of Norepinephrine in the Control of Gonadotropin Release.- Physiological and Biochemical Dissection of Mechanisms Underlying Puberty.- Biological Activity on Non-GnRH Synthetic Peptide Sequences of the GnRH Precursor.- Mechanisms of GnRH Action: Interactions between GnRH-Stimulated Calcium-Phospholipid Pathways Mediating Gonadotropin Secretion.- Phosphoinositide Turnover, Ca2+ Mobilization, and Protein Kinase C Activation in GnRH Action on Pituitary Gonadotropin Release.- Section III: Gonads.- The Ovarian Granulosa Cell as a Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Target Tissue.- Intra-ovarian Actions of Steroids in the Regulation of Follicular Steroid Biosynthesis.- Interaction between the Oocyte and the Granulosa Cells in the Preovulatory Follicle.- Secretion of Oxytocin by the Corpus Luteum and its Role in Luteolysis in the Sheep.- Catecholamine Effects on Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis: A Review.- Evidence for Intratesticular Factors Which Mediate the Response of Leydig Cells to Disruption of Spermatogenesis.- hCG/LH-Induced Changes in Testicular Blood Flow, Microcirculation and Vascular Permeability in Adult Rats.- Morphology of Normal and Abnormal Testicular Descent and the Regulation of This Process.- Section IV: Fetus and Placenta.- Sex Differentiation.- The Placental Lactogen Gene Family: Structure and Regulation.- Hormonal Influences on Fetal and Perinatal Water Metabolism.- The Orchestration of Parturition: Does the Fetus play the Tune?.- Author Index.
15 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the allelic variants of P450 when present with a variant form of POR may show different activities, and combined effects of variations in both the P450 enzymes as well as in the POR should be considered when genetic data are available.
15 citations
TL;DR: Inborn errors of steroidogenesis associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia are discussed, with a particular focus on the pathophysiology and clinical features of 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
Abstract: Steroid biosynthesis is a complex process in which cholesterol is converted to steroid hormones with the involvement of multiple enzymes and cofactors. Inborn conditions affecting adrenal steroidogenesis are relatively common in paediatric practice and have serious implications on patient mortality and morbidity. This paper provides an overview of novel insights into human adrenal steroid biosynthesis. Inborn errors of steroidogenesis associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia are discussed, with a particular focus on the pathophysiology and clinical features of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The final section of the review presents more recent findings and clinical implications of adrenal-specific androgen biosynthesis.
15 citations