Topic
Steroid biosynthesis
About: Steroid biosynthesis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1721 publications have been published within this topic receiving 58977 citations.
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TL;DR: Findings will facilitate the comprehension of preadipocyte differentiation and fat deposition in pigs and greatly enhance understanding of adipogenesis in pigs.
Abstract: Fat deposition in pigs, which significantly contributes to meat quality, fattening efficiency, reproductive performance, and immunity, is critically affected by preadipocyte adipogenic differentiation. We elucidated adipogenesis in pigs using transcriptome analysis. Preadipocytes from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of Landrace piglets were differentiated into adipocytes in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during preadipocyte differentiation up to day 8 revealed 15,918 known and 586 novel genes. We detected 21, 144, and 394 DEGs, respectively, including 16 genes differentially expressed at days 2, 4 and 8 compared to day 0. Th number of DEGs increased time-dependently. Lipid metabolism, cell differentiation and proliferation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, and steroid biosynthesis were significant at days 2, 4, and 8 compared to day 0 (adjusted p < 0.05). Short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis obtained 26 clusters of differential gene expression patterns, and nine were significant (p < 0.05). Functional analysis showed many significantly enriched lipid deposition- and cellular process-related biological processes and pathways in profiles 9, 21, 22, and 24. Glycerolipid and fatty-acid metabolism, PPAR signaling, fatty-acid degradation, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), and TNF signaling were observed during preadipocyte differentiation in vitro. These findings will facilitate the comprehension of preadipocyte differentiation and fat deposition in pigs.
14 citations
TL;DR: Overall, mephedrone produced a profile more similar to that of amphetamine than MDMA in terms of affected energy metabolism, which can provide the basis for further in-depth targeted metabolome studies on pharmacological actions and search for biomarkers of drug use.
Abstract: Psychoactive stimulants are a popular drug class which are used recreationally. Over the last decade, large numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have entered the drug market and these pose a worldwide problem to human health. Metabolomics approaches are useful tools for simultaneous detection of endogenous metabolites affected by drug use. They allow identification of pathways or characteristic metabolites, which might support the understanding of pharmacological actions or act as indirect biomarkers of consumption behavior or analytical detectability. Herein, we performed a comparative metabolic profiling of three psychoactive stimulant drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine and the NPS mephedrone by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in order to identify common pathways or compounds. Plasma samples were obtained from controlled administration studies to humans. Various metabolites were identified as increased or decreased based on drug intake, mainly belonging to energy metabolism, steroid biosynthesis and amino acids. Linoleic acid and pregnenolone-sulfate changed similarly in response to intake of all drugs. Overall, mephedrone produced a profile more similar to that of amphetamine than MDMA in terms of affected energy metabolism. These data can provide the basis for further in-depth targeted metabolome studies on pharmacological actions and search for biomarkers of drug use.
14 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a quiescent HSV-1 infection significantly alters neuronal gene expression in ways that may promote survival of the host cell and maintenance of latency.
Abstract: Gene expression profiling of neuronally-differentiated (ND)-PC12 cells quiescently infected (QIF) with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was performed to determine the response of neuronal cells to long-term maintenance of a non-replicating viral genome independent of the heterogeneous response that occurs in latently infected ganglia. Quiescent infections were characterized by 606 up-regulated and 821 down-regulated cellular genes (P < 0.005) compared to parallel, identically treated, mock-infected cultures. Gene ontology analyses suggested that up-regulated cellular genes were involved in steroid biosynthesis and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and significantly overrepresented for transcription factor and transcription regulatory functions. Many of the most up-regulated cellular genes encode for proteolytic enzymes involved in neurite outgrowth/axon remodeling. Genes involved in DNA and nucleotide metabolism and apoptosis tended to be down-regulated. These findings demonstrate that a quiescent HSV-1 infection significantly alters neuronal gene expression in ways that may promote survival of the host cell and maintenance of latency.
13 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that HDL is at least partly internalized and that probably its constituents contribute greatly to the control of the two different steroidogenic pathways.
13 citations
TL;DR: This article first discusses congenital adrenal hyperplasia and then considers the diverse abnormalities that cause disordered gonadal differentiation.
13 citations