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Sterol

About: Sterol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8117 publications have been published within this topic receiving 309926 citations. The topic is also known as: sterols & sterol lipids.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on the four domains of Scap that undergo concerted conformational changes in response to cholesterol binding, which provide a molecular mechanism for the control of lipids in cell membranes.
Abstract: Scap is a polytopic membrane protein that functions as a molecular machine to control the cholesterol content of membranes in mammalian cells. In the 21 years since our laboratory discovered Scap, we have learned how it binds sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and transports them from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi for proteolytic processing. Proteolysis releases the SREBP transcription factor domains, which enter the nucleus to promote cholesterol synthesis and uptake. When cholesterol in ER membranes exceeds a threshold, the sterol binds to Scap, triggering several conformational changes that prevent the Scap–SREBP complex from leaving the ER. As a result, SREBPs are no longer processed, cholesterol synthesis and uptake are repressed, and cholesterol homeostasis is restored. This review focuses on the four domains of Scap that undergo concerted conformational changes in response to cholesterol binding. The data provide a molecular mechanism for the control of lipids in cell...

285 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that filipin can interact stoichiometrically with cholesterol and that in membrane systems this interaction is capable of altering some of the physical properties of the membrane, thus providing a basis for Filipin-induced changes in membrane permeability.

283 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High rates of de novo cholesterol synthesis in the glia and neurons provide the sterol necessary for early brain development in the mouse and human, respectively.
Abstract: The average amount of cholesterol in the whole animal equals approximately 2100 mg/kg body weight, and 15% and 23% of this sterol in the mouse and human, respectively, is found in the central nervous system. There is no detectable uptake across the blood-brain barrier of cholesterol carried in lipoproteins in the plasma, even in the newborn. However, high rates of de novo cholesterol synthesis in the glia and neurons provide the sterol necessary for early brain development. Once a stable brain size is achieved in the adult, cholesterol synthesis continues, albeit at a much lower rate, and this synthesis is just balanced by the excretion of an equal amount of sterol, either as 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol or, presumably, as cholesterol itself.

282 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, plant sterols and stanols, which are structurally related to cholesterol, decrease the incorporation of dietary and biliary cholesterol into micelles, which leads to decreased serum LDL cholesterol concentrations.
Abstract: High serum LDL cholesterol concentration is a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications. This risk can be lowered by diet. In this respect foods containing plant sterol or stanol esters can be useful for mildly- and hypercholesteraemic subjects. Plant sterols and stanols, which are structurally related to cholesterol, decrease the incorporation of dietary and biliary cholesterol into micelles. This lowers cholesterol absorption. Furthermore, these components increase ABC-transporter expression, which may also contribute to the decreased cholesterol absorption. Consequently, cholesterol synthesis and LDL receptor activity increase, which ultimately leads to decreased serum LDL cholesterol concentrations. Animal studies have further shown that these dietary components may also lower atherosclerotic lesion development. Plant sterols and stanols also lower plasma lipid-standardized concentrations of the hydrocarbon carotenoids, but not those of the oxygenated cartenoids and tocopherols. Also, vitamin A and D concentrations are not affected. Although absorption of plant sterols and stanols (0.02-3.5%) is low compared to cholesterol (35-70%), small amounts are found in the circulation and may influence other physiological functions. However, there is no consistent evidence that plant sterols or stanols can change the risk of colon or prostate cancer, or immune status. In conclusion, plant sterols and stanols effectively reduce serum LDL cholesterol and atherosclerotic risk. In addition potential effects of plant sterols and stanols on other metabolic processes remain to be elucidated.

280 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the expression of PCSK9 is regulated by sterol at the transcriptional level in HepG2 cells and that both SRE BP-1 and SREBP-2 can transcriptionally activate PCSK 9 via SRE in its proximal promoter region in vitro.

280 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023104
2022250
2021131
2020154
2019151
2018117