Topic
Stöber process
About: Stöber process is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 177 publications have been published within this topic receiving 18326 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, a system of chemical reactions has been developed which permits the controlled growth of spherical silica particles of uniform size by means of hydrolysis of alkyl silicates and subsequent condensation of silicic acid in alcoholic solutions.
12,884 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extend the work of Stober, Fink and Bohn to establish the ranges of reagent concentrations which result in the precipitation of monodisperse silica particles from ethanol solutions containing ammonia, water, and tetraethyl orthosilica.
Abstract: We extend the work of Stober, Fink and Bohn (J. Colloid Interfac Sci. 26 (1968) 62) to establish the ranges of reagent concentrations which result in the precipitation of monodisperse silica particles from ethanol solutions containing ammonia, water, and tetraethyl orthosilica. A correlation is presented which can be used to predict final particle sizes over concentrations of 0.1-0.5 M TEOS, 0.5–17.0 M H 2 O and 0.5-3 M NH 3 . The maximum particle size achievable for these conditions at 25°C is ⋍ 800 nm and near the maximum, monodispersity is difficult to maintain. The effects of reaction temperature are studied and particle size distributions are analyzed. A seeded growth technique for preparing larger particles and/or increasing solids mass fraction up to a theoretical limit of ⋍ 24 wt% of silica is described.
1,034 citations
TL;DR: It is believed that it is possible to control the composite particle size and morphology by a convenient choice of the composition of the system, and this new polymer-encapsulation process could be used to synthesize other organic-inorganic composite particles, using, for example, other monomers or minerals.
451 citations
TL;DR: A modified monomer addition model combined with aggregation model is proposed to analyze the formation mechanism of silica particles in Stöber process with high concentration of tetra-ethyl-orthosilicate up to 1.24 M.
264 citations
TL;DR: Thiol-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG-SH) has been used to replace standard capping agents from the surfaces of gold nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes, and the method allows a high degree of control over shell thickness for any particle size and shape.
Abstract: Thiol-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG-SH) has been used to replace standard capping agents from the surfaces of gold nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes. Upon PEG stabilization, the nanoparticles can be transferred into ethanol, where silica can be directly grown on the particle surfaces through the standard Stober process. The obtained silica shells are uniform and homogeneous, and the method allows a high degree of control over shell thickness for any particle size and shape. Additionally, Raman-active molecules can be readily incorporated within the composite nanoparticles during silica growth so that SERS/SERRS-encoded nanoparticles can be fabricated containing a variety of tags, thereby envisaging multiplexing capability.
213 citations