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Showing papers on "Strategic planning published in 2016"


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors express their gratitude to the European Union for its financial support for the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Indicators for the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020.
Abstract: 2. Expresses its gratitude to the European Union for its financial support for the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Indicators for the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and to the Government of Canada, the European Environment Agency, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom for their support for the International Expert Workshop held from 20 to 22 June 2011 in High Wycombe, United Kingdom, in support of the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Indicators for the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020;

283 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study offers an approach to diminish both shortcomings by applying Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to identify SWOT based on customer satisfaction surveys which produces prioritized SWOT corresponding to the customers’ perception.

246 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed research on the social, behavioral, and cognitive influences on CEOs, top management teams (TMTs), and the CEO-TMT interface during strategic decision making.

200 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conservation science community can help establish ecologically sensible PA targets to help prioritize important biodiversity areas and achieve ecological representation; identify clear, comparable performance metrics of ecological effectiveness so progress toward these targets can be assessed; and identify metrics and report on the contribution OECMs make toward the target.
Abstract: Recognizing that protected areas (PAs) are essential for effective biodiversity conservation action, the Convention on Biological Diversity established ambitious PA targets as part of the 2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity. Under the strategic goal to "improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity," Target 11 aims to put 17% of terrestrial and 10% of marine regions under PA status by 2020. Additionally and crucially, these areas are required to be of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative, and well-connected and to include "other effective area-based conservation measures" (OECMs). Whereas the area-based targets are explicit and measurable, the lack of guidance for what constitutes important and representative; effective; and OECMs is affecting how nations are implementing the target. There is a real risk that Target 11 may be achieved in terms of area while failing the overall strategic goal for which it is established because the areas are poorly located, inadequately managed, or based on unjustifiable inclusion of OECMs. We argue that the conservation science community can help establish ecologically sensible PA targets to help prioritize important biodiversity areas and achieve ecological representation; identify clear, comparable performance metrics of ecological effectiveness so progress toward these targets can be assessed; and identify metrics and report on the contribution OECMs make toward the target. By providing ecologically sensible targets and new performance metrics for measuring the effectiveness of both PAs and OECMs, the science community can actively ensure that the achievement of the required area in Target 11 is not simply an end in itself but generates genuine benefits for biodiversity.

150 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined the role that formal strategic planning plays in determining the success of strategy implementation in a set of more than 150 public service organizations from Canada and found that formal planning has a strong positive relationship with implementation.
Abstract: n this article, we examine the role that formal strategic planning plays in determining the success of strategy implementation in a set of more than 150 public service organizations from Canada. We also analyse the mediating effects of managerial involvement in strategic planning and the moderating effects of stakeholder uncertainty on the planning-implementation relationship. A structured online questionnaire was used to collect the data. Our findings suggest that formal strategic planning has a strong positive relationship with implementation, which, though mediated by managerial involvement, becomes even more salient in the face of stakeholder uncertainty. Several implications of these findings are discussed.

149 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the utility of two different strategic management theories in different types of public organizations including contemporary New Public Management-based public organizations, namely Porter's strategic positioning model and the resource-based view of strategy, is discussed.
Abstract: This article discusses the utility of two different strategic management theories in different types of public organizations including contemporary New Public Management-based public organizations, namely Porter’s strategic positioning model and the resource-based view of strategy. We argue that possibilities for applying these theories vary depending on the type of public organizations involved, and are less appropriate in traditional settings but more relevant in autonomized and market-like service-delivery organizations. We further propose that their increased applicability depends on three specific conditions: the degree of administrative autonomy, performance-based budgeting and market-like competition. We give empirical examples drawn from public services in the UK and Denmark. We call for more exploration of these (and other) strategic management approaches within contemporary public services organisations but also more exploration of the limitations of these frameworks.

143 citations


01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the strategic management theory an integrated approach is available in our book collection and an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly so you get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one.
Abstract: strategic management theory an integrated approach is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the strategic management theory an integrated approach is universally compatible with any devices to read.

137 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present five leading Mexican companies as illustrative examples of sustainable, long-term firms whose strategic plans incorporate three views of sustainability: market-industry, resource-based, and institutional-based.

130 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model to determine the optimal size of an energy storage facility from a strategic investor's perspective, which considers the uncertainties associated with rival generators' offering strategies and future load levels.
Abstract: This paper proposes a model to determine the optimal size of an energy storage facility from a strategic investor's perspective. This investor seeks to maximize its profit through making strategic planning, i.e., storage sizing, and strategic operational, i.e., offering and bidding, decisions. We consider the uncertainties associated with rival generators’ offering strategies and future load levels in the proposed model. The strategic investment decisions include the sizes of charging device, discharging device, and energy reservoir. The proposed model is a stochastic bi-level optimization problem; the planning and operation decisions are made in the upper-level, and market clearing is modeled in the lower-level under different operating scenarios. To make the proposed model computationally tractable, an iterative solution technique based on Benders’ decomposition is implemented. This provides a master problem and a set of subproblems for each scenario. Each subproblem is recast as an mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints. Numerical results based on real-life market data from Alberta's electricity market are provided.

127 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show how different types of cities are combinations of walking, transit/public transport and automobile/motor car fabrics based on their transport systems and the universal travel-time budget.
Abstract: The theory of urban fabrics is outlined showing how different types of cities are combinations of walking, transit/public transport and automobile/motor car fabrics based on their transport systems and the universal travel-time budget. The distances/transport speeds that generate these urban fabrics and their associated elements, functions and qualities are outlined, emphasising, for the first time, how tasks of statutory planning and transport planning are different in the three urban fabrics. The theory is demonstrated in the Finnish city of Kuopio and with data from the authors’ Global Cities Database, concluding with three different statutory and strategic planning approaches.

121 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main findings of the factor analysis suggest that there is a clear division between strategic entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship, and the concept of strategic behavior affects most strategic management research as evidenced by the co-citation analysis.
Abstract: Strategic management remains a recent field of research that is dynamic and changing with the global business economy. Given the sheer importance of research on this field of business management, this paper aims to conduct a co-citation bibliometric analysis of strategic management research. We map the authors and the most relevant approaches as well as detailing the new theoretical perspectives to strategic management theory. The analysis conducted uses three multivariate statistical analysis techniques in addition to the co-citation matrix to shed light on these issues. By incorporating all the citations that are included in the Science Citation Index and the Social Science Citation Index, we analyze co-citation patterns of the strategic management field during the period 1971---2014 and identify six subfields (clusters) that constitute the intellectual structure and investigate their mutual relationships. The main findings of the factor analysis suggest that there is a clear division between strategic entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship. In addition, the concept of strategic behavior affects most strategic management research as evidenced by the co-citation analysis. A debate of future directions on the strategic management literature is discussed, which highlights the importance of combining more of a strategic entrepreneurship perspective based on behavioral intentions to the emerging research.

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the challenge of complexity in strategic management and organisational dynamics, and the challenges of complexity to ways of thinking about organisations. But, instead of enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.
Abstract: Thank you for reading strategic management and organisational dynamics the challenge of complexity to ways of thinking about organisations. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this strategic management and organisational dynamics the challenge of complexity to ways of thinking about organisations, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.

Book
28 Dec 2016
TL;DR: Marketing strategy Wikipedia Marketing strategy is a long-term, forward-looking approach to planning with the fundamental goal of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage.
Abstract: Fri, 07 Dec 2018 01:13:00 GMT exploring strategy text and cases pdf 3 Test Cases/Procedures n Test cases and procedures should manifest the test strategy. n If your strategy is to “execute the test suite I got from Joe Third-Party ... Fri, 14 Dec 2018 04:18:00 GMT strategy James Marcus Bach Exploring gut microbes in human health and disease: Pushing the envelope Sat, 15 Dec 2018 11:47:00 GMT Exploring gut microbes in human health and disease ... Exploring the relationship between JavaScript and the modern HTML DOM Sat, 15 Dec 2018 10:00:00 GMT DOM Enlightenment Exploring the relationship between ... Type or paste a DOI name into the text box. Click Go. Your browser will take you to a Web page (URL) associated with that DOI name. Send questions or comments to doi ... Sat, 15 Dec 2018 13:06:00 GMT Resolve a DOI Name https://alcuinbramerton.blo gspot.com/2016/11/altnews 121ab.html Alcuin Bramerton Twitter.. Alcuin Bramerton Medium Alcuin Bramerton profile..... Index of blog contents Wed, 28 Nov 2018 23:56:00 GMT Alcuin And Flutterby © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Baseball Mighty Jackie New Places, New Faces My Diary from Here to There Focus on China Stealing Beauty Bright Ideas How Ben Franklin Stole Sun, 16 Dec 2018 03:32:00 GMT >`OQbWQS 0]]Y MHSchool We support the Prime Minister and ensure the effective running of government. We are also the corporate headquarters for government, in partnership with HM Treasury ... Sun, 16 Dec 2018 11:17:00 GMT Cabinet Office GOV.UK Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML / ˈ z æ m ÉTMl / ) is a declarative XML-based language developed by Microsoft that is used for initializing structured ... Mon, 10 Dec 2018 06:38:00 GMT Extensible Application Markup Language Wikipedia Marketing strategy is a long-term, forward-looking approach to planning with the fundamental goal of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic planning ... Sat, 15 Dec 2018 08:20:00 GMT Marketing strategy Wikipedia Need Any Test Bank or Solutions Manual Please contact me email:testbanksm01@gmail .com If you are looking for a test bank or a solution manual for your academic ... Fri, 14 Dec 2018 00:07:00 GMT We Provide Over 10,000 Solution Manual and Test Bank ... About us. John Benjamins Publishing Company is an independent, family-owned academic publisher headquartered in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ...More. Sun, 16 Dec 2018 02:35:00 GMT John Benjamins Publishing Anti-Corruption: The Global Fight is a new handbook from IIP Publications that outlines the kinds of corruption, their effects, and the ways that people and ... Fri, 14 Dec 2018 22:18:00 GMT IIP Publications Our latest thinking on the issues that matter most in business and management. Thu, 13 Dec 2018 23:17:00 GMT Explore our featured insights | McKinsey & Company A modern Industrial Strategy. The Industrial Strategy green paper published on 23 January 2017 sets out the following 10 pillars on which to build a new Industrial ... Fri, 14 Dec 2018 07:02:00 GMT UK Digital Strategy 2017 GOV.UK Since there are limited print copies of many of the past issues, the archives of the JSCR are electronically available in full text copies. The complete series of ... Sat, 15 Dec 2018 19:18:00 GMT Journal Shopping Center Research (JSCR) Home Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. Sun, 16 Dec 2018 02:21:00 GMT 5 The Crime Prevention Effects of Incarceration | The ... A Tale of One Software Bypass of Windows 8 Secure Boot. Windows 8 Secure Boot based on UEFI 2.3.1 Secure Boot is an important step towards

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical study of new ventures examines how strategic capabilities mediate the effect of technology-driven strategy on firm performance, and finds that technology driven strategy is positively related to technology capabilities and information technology capabilities, but negatively related to marketing capabilities and market-linking capabilities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a case study representative of the Italian context is presented, the Strategic Plan of the Nebrodi area (SP), and assesses the structure of a new form of public and private environmental governance focused on sustainable concern.
Abstract: The emphasis on learning and adaptation among different actors at various political administrative levels and on various geographic scales has become a precondition for the emergence of sustainable development. It is possible to find the essential form of collaborative management by using a Strategic Plan, designed to determine a local model of sustainable competitiveness in economic, social and environmental terms. The adoption of a Strategic Plan stimulates a process of shared knowledge, through which it is possible to generate a new environmental governance (EG) that is truly representative of a local system. This paper presents, as a case study representative of the Italian context, the Strategic Plan of the Nebrodi area (SP), and assesses the structure of a new form of public and private environmental governance focused on sustainable concern. Finally, the SP could be considered a guideline for managing the local territorial and environmental system from a long-term perspective.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirically derived crowdfunding reward toolbox offering guidance in strategically selecting rewards is presented. But reward design, choice, and planning still occur based on availability rather than strategy.
Abstract: In crowdfunding, rewards can make or break success. Yet reward design, choice, and planning still occur based on availability rather than strategy. To address this challenge, this article provides an empirically derived crowdfunding reward toolbox offering guidance in strategically selecting rewards. Based on a large-scale analysis of successful and unsuccessful Kickstarter projects, this article classifies rewards that are currently offered along eight dimensions. It identifies emerging patterns and derives five strategic core tools and two add-on tools. Finally, it delivers exploratory insights into the relative effectiveness of different tools that can facilitate decision making and strategic planning for entrepreneurs and individuals who plan to launch a crowdfunding project and who seek ways to reward their supporters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of Ghana's energy sector national energy statistics and policy framework is done to create awareness of the strategic planning and energy policies of Ghanas energy sector that will serve as an informative tool for both local and foreign investors, help in national decision-making for the efficient development and utilization of energy resources as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In this study, a review of Ghana’s energy sector national energy statistics and policy framework is done to create awareness of the strategic planning and energy policies of Ghana’s energy sector that will serve as an informative tool for both local and foreign investors, help in national decision-making for the efficient development and utilization of energy resources. The review of Ghana’s energy sector policy is to answer the question, what has been done so far? And what is the way forward? The future research in Ghana cannot progress without consulting the past. In order to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all, Ghana has begun expanding her economy with the growing Ghanaian population as a way to meet the SDG (1), which seeks to end poverty and improve well-being. There are a number of intervention strategies by Ghana’s Energy sector which provides new, high-quality, and cost-competitive energy services to poor people and communities, thus alleviating p...

Journal ArticleDOI
09 Sep 2016
TL;DR: The authors examines the origin of the strategic innovation that changed the face of financial services through three well-known and largely juxtaposed conceptual models of strategic foresight, and provides the foundations of an integrated view and model of strategic forecasting.
Abstract: This study examines the origin of the strategic innovation that changed the face of financial services—Charles Merrill’s financial supermarket business model—through three well-known and largely juxtaposed conceptual models of strategic foresight. Our study, whose purpose, business historical focus, and structure mirrors Graham Allison’s famous “Conceptual Models of the Cuban Missile Crisis,” allows us to make three contributions. First, it sharpens our understanding of the models we used in the study. Second, it provides the foundations of an integrated view and model of strategic foresight that suggests disciplined strategic foresight is possible, understandable, and replicable within some precise boundaries. Finally, it suggests directions for future behavioral strategy work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new contingency factor is proposed to explain sustainability strategy making based on the nature of the problem addressed, and the authors argue that planned strategy making is expected for salient and non-wicked problems while emergent strategy-making is likely for non-salient and wicked problems.
Abstract: In strategy research, there is a consensus that strategy making resides on a continuum from planned to emergent where most strategies are made in a mixed way. Different contingency factors have been suggested to explain the factors that influence strategy making. Sustainability research seems to overlook most of this development and assumes instead that sustainability strategies are made in a purely planned way. We contribute to a better understanding of the role of different strategy making modes for sustainability in three ways. First, we point to the bias towards planned strategy formation in sustainability research. Second, we propose a new contingency factor to help explain sustainability strategy making based on the nature of the problem addressed. Third, we discuss strategy making for different types of sustainability problems. We argue that planned strategy making is expected for salient and non-wicked problems while emergent strategy making is likely for non-salient and wicked problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a framework for the analysis of ecosystem-based adaptation measures, which can reveal the ecological structures, related ecosystem services, and risk-reducing approaches that are missing and why.
Abstract: Ecosystem-based approaches for climate change adaptation are promoted at international, national, and local levels by both scholars and practitioners. However, local planning practices that support these approaches are scattered, and measures are neither systematically implemented nor comprehensively reviewed. Against this background, this paper advances the operationalization of ecosystem-based adaptation by improving our knowledge of how ecosystem-based approaches can be considered in local planning (operational governance level). We review current research on ecosystem services in urban areas and examine four Swedish coastal municipalities to identify the key characteristics of both implemented and planned measures that support ecosystem-based adaptation. The results show that many of the measures that have been implemented focus on biodiversity rather than climate change adaptation, which is an important factor in only around half of all measures. Furthermore, existing measures are limited in their focus regarding the ecological structures and the ecosystem services they support, and the hazards and risk factors they address. We conclude that a more comprehensive approach to sustainable ecosystem-based adaptation planning and its systematic mainstreaming is required. Our framework for the analysis of ecosystem-based adaptation measures proved to be useful in identifying how ecosystem-related matters are addressed in current practice and strategic planning, and in providing knowledge on how ecosystem-based adaptation can further be considered in urban planning practice. Such a systematic analysis framework can reveal the ecological structures, related ecosystem services, and risk-reducing approaches that are missing and why. This informs the discussion about why specific measures are not considered and provides pathways for alternate measures/designs, related operations, and policy processes at different scales that can foster sustainable adaptation and transformation in municipal governance and planning.

Journal ArticleDOI
Said Elbanna1
TL;DR: In this article, the author thanks Chris Ryan, the Editor, and three anonymous referees for the insightful comments and helpful suggestions on earlier drafts of this work, and the research work disclosed in this publication was funded by Qatar University (QUSG-CBE-DMM-13/14-5 ).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a model that portrayed elements needed for strategic innovation that support the long-term viability of small businesses and developed a unique strategic innovation model that can help small businesses to achieve longterm sustainability and viability in the competitive marketplace.
Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the challenges faced by small businesses and to explain the importance of using strategic innovation to achieve long-term sustainability and viability. Design/methodology/approach This study of small business innovation includes reviewing the types and determinants of innovation as well as strategies to overcome innovation barriers. In addition, the authors developed a model that portrays elements needed for strategic innovation that supports the long-term viability of small businesses. Findings Small businesses serve as the economic foundation for many nations because they stimulate innovation, provide jobs, foster competitiveness and support overall economic growth. Small businesses can rapidly adapt to change, adopt new strategies and provide flexibility that supports strategic innovation. As a result, strategic innovation is a key driver of sustainable competitive advantage for small businesses. Practical implications Small business leaders need to integrate strategic innovation with their strategic planning to remain competitive. The strategic innovation model presented in this paper can assist them in understanding elements needed for successful strategic innovation and long-term viability. Social implications Globally, small businesses exert a strong influence on economic growth and create opportunities, employment and technological development. This paper will assist small business leaders as they strive to use strategic innovation to strengthen their competitive capabilities. Originality/value The unique strategic innovation model that the authors developed can help small businesses to achieve long-term sustainability and viability in the competitive marketplace.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors trace the evolution of the EU strategic reflection which culminated in the publication of EU Global Strategy (EUGS) in June 2016, and explain the choices made by EU High Representative Federica Mogherini over this time period, including both the initial strategic assessment and the final EUGS.
Abstract: This article traces the evolution of the EU strategic reflection which culminated in the publication of the EU Global Strategy (EUGS) in June 2016. It explains the choices made by EU High Representative Federica Mogherini over this time period—including both the initial strategic assessment and the final EUGS. It provides a behind the scenes view on the players, the organization and the methods of work used to produce a strategic vision for the EU’s role in the world.

Report SeriesDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make a call for why the digital economy matters for developing countries and what they need to consider when developing a national digital strategy, and provide some guiding principles around thinking about how to craft a digital strategy that builds on top of the enablers of digital economy.
Abstract: This report makes a call for why the digital economy matters for developing countries and what they need to consider when developing a national digital strategy. The world is undergoing a digital revolution with significant implications for global economies and livelihoods. This revolution is predicated on the ever-increasing pace of technological innovation and diffusion. Digital technologies and their attendant applications are reshaping whole domains of human activity, and are spreading across the world faster than previous waves of technological innovation. The digital revolution is thus too important for any country to overlook. As outlined in Section II, the digital economy can be harnessed for inclusive and sustainable growth: digital technologies make life easier for citizens and consumers, raise the productivity of workers and firms, and help governments extend key services to those who need them most. However, this does not just happen randomly: governments must engage in strategic planning to maximise the development impact of digitalisation and ensure that its benefits are evenly distributed. Using the experience of leading economies in the digital space, Section III looks at some of the broad and generic enabling factors that developing countries can develop and use as foundations for their digital economies. The concluding section, Section IV, examines three key lessons developing countries can learn from other countries’ digital experiences. It provides some guiding principles around thinking about how to craft a national digital strategy that builds on top of the enablers of the digital economy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper explored the institutional tensions between adaptive management approaches emphasising openness to uncertainty and to alternative policy options on the one hand and risk-based ones that close them down by transforming uncertainties into calculable risks whose management can be rationalized through cost-benefit analysis and nationally consistent, riskbased priority setting.
Abstract: This paper focuses on how scientific uncertainties about future peak flood flows and sea level rises are accounted for in long term strategic planning processes to adapt inland and coastal flood risk management in England to climate change. Combining key informant interviews ( n = 18) with documentary analysis, it explores the institutional tensions between adaptive management approaches emphasising openness to uncertainty and to alternative policy options on the one hand and risk-based ones that close them down by transforming uncertainties into calculable risks whose management can be rationalized through cost-benefit analysis and nationally consistent, risk-based priority setting on the other hand. These alternative approaches to managing uncertainty about the first-order risks to society from future flooding are shaped by institutional concerns with managing the second-order, ‘institutional’ risks of criticism and blame arising from accountability for discharging those first-order risk management responsibilities. In the case of river flooding the poorly understood impacts of future climate change were represented with a simplistic adjustment to peak flow estimates, which proved robust in overcoming institutional resistance to making precautionary allowances for climate change in risk-based flood management, at least in part because its scientific limitations were acknowledged only partially. By contrast in the case of coastal flood risk management, greater scientific confidence led to successively more elaborate guidance on how to represent the science, which in turn led to inconsistency in implementation and increased the institutional risks involved in taking the uncertain effects of future sea level rise into account in adaptation planning and flood risk management. Comparative analysis of these two cases then informs some wider reflections about the tensions between adaptive and risk-based approaches, the role of institutional risk in climate change adaptation, and the importance of such institutional dynamics in shaping the framing uncertainties and policy responses to scientific knowledge about them.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the concept of strategic collective system building, which describes processes and activities that networks of actors can strategically engage in to collectively build a favorable environment for their innovative sustainability technology.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the role and influence of gatekeepers in formal and organisational settings is examined and pragmatic methods to improve understanding and facilitation of this process are explored, in order to honour the ethical obligations to conduct appropriate stakeholder engagement before and during research, along with respect for the autonomy of institutions and their employees/clients/service recipients.
Abstract: Accessing research participants within some social institutions for research purposes may involve a simple single administrative event. However, accessing some institutions to conduct research on their data, personnel, clients or service users can be quite complex. Research ethics committee chairpersons frequently field questions from researchers wanting to know when and why gatekeeper permission should be sought. This article examines the role and influence of gatekeepers in formal and organisational settings and explores pragmatic methods to improve understanding and facilitation of this process. Conscientious and well-informed negotiations with gatekeepers are required in order to honour the ethical obligations to conduct appropriate stakeholder engagement before and during research, along with respect for the autonomy of institutions and their employees/clients/service recipients. Provision must be made to identify explicit and implicit gatekeepers to initiate and build collaborative networks that could best support the research process. Careful mutually respectful access agreements which consider the needs and vulnerabilities of both the gatekeeper and the researcher can improve the quality of the scientific data collected. Strategic planning in the research process must take these sometimes complex processes of gatekeeper permission into careful account.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new integrated roadmapping approach that combines the market pull and technology push approach is presented, which can be used for planning firms' and public authorities' long-term innovation strategies.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of top management support for strategic planning on crisis management in UNRWA-Gaza Strip field in Palestine is analyzed, and several descriptive analytical methods were used for this purpose, and a survey as a tool for data collection.
Abstract: The study aims to analyze the impact of top management support for strategic planning on crisis management in UNRWA-Gaza Strip field in Palestine. Several descriptive analytical methods were used for this purpose, and a survey as a tool for data collection. Community size was (881), and the study sample was stratified random (268). The overall findings of the current study show that top management provides needed HR for strategic planning but with no financial support. Also there are shortcomings in the way that organization manages the crises before and after they occur. A crisis management is only practicing during the crisis. The study suggest that top management must provide the financial support for strategic planning, periodic meetings to prepare how to deal with potential crisis in the future, establishing a specialized team and provide them with all sources needed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper conducted a serious of in-depth semi-structured interviews with hotel managers representing twenty-seven hotels in Minot, North Dakota to determine the level of competitive intelligence (CI) efforts in the hotel industry.