Showing papers on "Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines published in 2017"

Analysis of heat transfer and nanofluid fluid flow in microchannels with trapezoidal, rectangular and triangular shaped ribs

Abstract: In the present study, the effect of triangular, rectangular and trapezoidal ribs on the laminar heat transfer of water-Ag nanofluid in a ribbed triangular channel under a constant heat flux was numerically studied using finite volume method. Height and width of ribs have been assumed to be fixed in order to study the effect of different rib forms. Modeling were performed for laminar flow (Re=1, 50 and 100) and nanofluid volume fractions of 0, 2% and 4%. The results indicated that an increase in volume fraction of solid nanoparticle leads to convectional heat transfer coefficient enhancement of the cooling fluid, whereas increasing the Nusselt number results in a loss of friction coefficient and pressure. Also, along with the fluid velocity increment, there will be an optimal proportion between heat and hydrodynamic transfer behavior which optimizes performance evaluation criteria (PEC) behavior. Among all of the investigated rib forms, the rectangular one made the most changes in the streamlines and the triangular form has the best thermal performance evaluation criteria values. For all studied Reynold numbers, heat transfer values are least for rectangular rib from. Therefore, trapezoidal ribs are recommended in high Reynold numbers.

Convective Heat Transfer and Particle Motion in an Obstructed Duct with Two Side by Side Obstacles by Means of DPM Model

Abstract: In this research, a two-way coupling of discrete phase model is developed in order to track the discrete nature of aluminum oxide particles in an obstructed duct with two side-by-side obstacles. Finite volume method and trajectory analysis are simultaneously utilized to solve the equations for liquid and solid phases, respectively. The interactions between two phases are fully taken into account in the simulation by considering the Brownian, drag, gravity, and thermophoresis forces. The effects of space ratios between two obstacles and particle diameters on different parameters containing concentration and deposition of particles and Nusselt number are studied for the constant values of Reynolds number (Re = 100) and volume fractions of nanoparticles (Φ = 0.01). The obtained results indicate that the particles with smaller diameter (dp = 30 nm) are not affected by the flow streamline and they diffuse through the streamlines. Moreover, the particle deposition enhances as the value of space ratio increases. A comparison between the experimental and numerical results is also provided with the existing literature as a limiting case of the reported problem and found in good agreement.

Stochastic dynamics of intermittent pore-scale particle motion in three-dimensional porous media: Experiments and theory

Abstract: ©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. We study the evolution of velocity in time, which fundamentally controls the way dissolved substances are transported and spread in porous media. Experiments are conducted that use tracer particles to track the motion of substances in water, as it flows through transparent, 3-D synthetic sandstones. Particle velocities along streamlines are found to be intermittent and strongly correlated, while their probability density functions are lognormal and nonstationary. We demonstrate that these particle velocity characteristics can be explained and modeled as a continuous time random walk that is both Markovian and mean reverting toward the stationary state. Our model accurately captures the fine-scale velocity fluctuations observed in each tested sandstone, as well as their respective dispersion regime progression from initially ballistic, to superdiffusive, and finally Fickian . Model parameterization is based on the correlation length and mean and standard deviation of the velocity distribution, thus linking pore-scale attributes with macroscale transport behavior for both short and long time scales.

MHD pulsatile flow of engine oil based carbon nanotubes between two concentric cylinders

Abstract: In this article, thermal performance of engine oil in the presence of both single and multiple wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) between two concentric cylinders is presented. Flow is driven with oscillatory pressure gradient and magneto-hydrodynamics (MHDs) effects are also introduced to control the random motion of the nanoparticles. Arrived broad, it is perceived that the inclusion of nanoparticles increases the thermal conductivity of working fluid significantly for both turbulent and laminar regimes. Fundamental momentum and energy equations are based upon partial differential equations (PDEs) that contain thermos-physical properties of both SWCNTs and MWCNTs. The solution has been evaluated for each mixture, namely: SWCNT-engine oil and MWCNT-engine oil. Results are determined for each velocity, temperature, pressure and stress gradient. Graphical results for the numerical values of the emerging parameters, namely: Hartmann number ( M ), the solid volume fraction of the nanoparticles ( ϕ ), Reynolds number ( Re ω ), and the pulsation parameter based on the periodic pressure gradient are analyzed for pressure difference, frictional forces, velocity profile, temperature profile, crux, streamlines and vorticity phenomena. In addition, the assets of various parameters on the flow quantities of observation are investigated.

Flow structure beneath rotational water waves with stagnation points

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to explore in detail the structure of the interior flow generated by periodic surface waves on a fluid with constant vorticity. The problem is mapped conformally to a strip and solved numerically using spectral methods. Once the solution is known, the streamlines, pressure and particle paths can be found and mapped back to the physical domain. We find that the flow beneath the waves contains zero, one, two or three stagnation points in a frame moving with the wave speed, and describe the bifurcations between these flows. When the vorticity is sufficiently strong, the pressure in the flow and on the bottom boundary also has very different features from the usual irrotational wave case.

Numerical study of nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a rotating disk using Buongiorno’s model

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of the present study is to explore a three-dimensional rotating flow of water-based nanofluids caused by an infinite rotating disk. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical formulation is performed using the well-known Buongiorno model which accounts for the combined influence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The recently suggested condition of passively controlled wall nanoparticle volume fraction has been adopted. Findings The results reveal that temperature decreases with an increase in thermophoresis parameter, whereas it is negligibly affected with a variation in the Brownian motion parameter. Axial velocity is negative because of the downward flow in the vertical direction. Originality/value Two- and three-dimensional streamlines are also sketched and discussed. The computations are found to be in very good agreement with the those of existing studies in the literature for pure fluid.

Particulate suspension effect on peristaltically induced unsteady pulsatile flow in a narrow artery: Blood flow model.

Abstract: This work is concerned with theoretically investigating the pulsatile flow of a fluid with suspended particles in a flow driven by peristaltic waves that deform the wall of a small blood artery in the shape of traveling sinusoidal waves with constant velocity. The problem formulation in the wave frame of reference is presented and the governing equations are developed up to the second-order in terms of the asymptotic expansion of Womersley number which characterizes the unsteady effect in the wave frame. We suppose that the flow rate imposed, in this frame, is a function versus time. The analytical solution of the problem is achieved using the long wavelength approximation where Reynolds number is considered small with reference to the blood flow in the circulatory system. The present study inspects novelties brought about into the classic peristaltic mechanism by the inclusion of Womersley number, and the critical values of concentration and occlusion on the flow characteristics in a small artery with flexible walls. Momentum and mass equations for the fluid and particle phases are solved by means of a perturbation analysis in which the occlusion is a small parameter. Closed form solutions are obtained for the fluid/particle velocity distributions, stream function, pressure rise, friction force, wall shear stress, instantaneous mechanical efficiency, and time-averaged mechanical efficiency. The physical explanation of the Segre–Silberberg effect is introduced and the trapping phenomenon of plasma for haemodilution and haemoconcentration cases is discussed. It has been deduced that the width of the closed plasma streamlines is increased while their number is minimally reduced in case of haemoconcentration. This mathematical problem has numerous applications in various branches in science including blood flow in small blood vessels. Several results of other models can be deduced as limiting cases of our situation.

Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow.

Abstract: When granular materials flow, the constituent particles segregate by size and align by shape. The impacts of these changes in fabric on the flow itself are not well understood, and thus novel non-invasive means are needed to observe the interior of the material. Here, we propose a new experimental technique using dynamic X-ray radiography to make such measurements possible. The technique is based on Fourier transformation to extract spatiotemporal fields of internal particle size and shape orientation distributions during flow, in addition to complementary measurements of velocity fields through image correlation. We show X-ray radiography captures the bulk flow properties, in contrast to optical methods which typically measure flow within boundary layers, as these are adjacent to any walls. Our results reveal the rich dynamic alignment of particles with respect to streamlines in the bulk during silo discharge, the understanding of which is critical to preventing destructive instabilities and undesirable clogging. The ideas developed in this paper are directly applicable to many other open questions in granular and soft matter systems, such as the evolution of size and shape distributions in foams and biological materials.

Inertial Wave Turbulence Driven by Elliptical Instability

Abstract: The combination of elliptical deformation of streamlines and vorticity can lead to the destabilization of any rotating flow via the elliptical instability. Such a mechanism has been invoked as a possible source of turbulence in planetary cores subject to tidal deformations. The saturation of the elliptical instability has been shown to generate turbulence composed of nonlinearly interacting waves and strong columnar vortices with varying respective amplitudes, depending on the control parameters and geometry. In this Letter, we present a suite of numerical simulations to investigate the saturation and the transition from vortex-dominated to wave-dominated regimes. This is achieved by simulating the growth and saturation of the elliptical instability in an idealized triply periodic domain, adding a frictional damping to the geostrophic component only, to mimic its interaction with boundaries. We reproduce several experimental observations within one idealized local model and complement them by reaching more extreme flow parameters. In particular, a wave-dominated regime that exhibits many signatures of inertial wave turbulence is characterized for the first time. This regime is expected in planetary interiors.

Large-eddy simulation of flow over a cylinder with from to : a skin-friction perspective

Abstract: We present wall-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) of flow over a smooth-wall circular cylinder up to , where is Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter and the free-stream speed . The stretched-vortex subgrid-scale (SGS) model is used in the entire simulation domain. For the sub-critical regime, six cases are implemented with . Results are compared with experimental data for both the wall-pressure-coefficient distribution on the cylinder surface, which dominates the drag coefficient, and the skin-friction coefficient, which clearly correlates with the separation behaviour. In the super-critical regime, LES for three values of are carried out at different resolutions. The drag-crisis phenomenon is well captured. For lower resolution, numerical discretization fluctuations are sufficient to stimulate transition, while for higher resolution, an applied boundary-layer perturbation is found to be necessary to stimulate transition. Large-eddy simulation results at , with a mesh of , agree well with the classic experimental measurements of Achenbach (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 34, 1968, pp. 625–639) especially for the skin-friction coefficient, where a spike is produced by the laminar–turbulent transition on the top of a prior separation bubble. We document the properties of the attached-flow boundary layer on the cylinder surface as these vary with . Within the separated portion of the flow, mean-flow separation–reattachment bubbles are observed at some values of , with separation characteristics that are consistent with experimental observations. Time sequences of instantaneous surface portraits of vector skin-friction trajectory fields indicate that the unsteady counterpart of a mean-flow separation–reattachment bubble corresponds to the formation of local flow-reattachment cells, visible as coherent bundles of diverging surface streamlines.

Natural convection in a wavy porous cavity with sinusoidal heating and internal heat generation

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study natural convective flow and heat transfer in a sinusoidally heated wavy porous cavity in the presence of internal heat generation or absorption. Design/methodology/approach Sinusoidal heating is applied on the vertical left wall of the cavity, whereas the wavy right wall is cooled at a constant temperature. The top and bottom walls are taken to be adiabatic. The Darcy model is adopted for fluid flow through the porous medium in the cavity. The governing equations and boundary conditions are solved using the finite difference method over a range of amplitudes and number of undulations of the wavy wall, Darcy–Rayleigh numbers and internal heat generation/absorption parameters. Findings The results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt numbers for different values of right wall waviness, Darcy–Rayleigh number and internal heat generation parameter. The flow field and temperature distribution in the cavity are affected by the waviness of the right wall. The wavy nature of the cavity also enhances the heat transfer into the system. The heat transfer rate in the cavity decreases with an increase in the internal heat generation/absorption parameter. Research limitations/implications The present investigation is conducted for steady, two-dimensional natural convective flow in a wavy cavity filled with Darcy porous medium. The waviness of the right wall is described by the amplitude and number of undulations with a well-defined mathematical function. An extension of the present study with the effects of cavity inclination and aspect ratio will be the interest for future work. Practical implications The study might be useful for the design of solar collectors, room ventilation systems and electronic cooling systems. Originality/value This work examines the effects of sinusoidal heating on convective heat transfer in a wavy porous cavity in the presence of internal heat generation or absorption. The study might be useful for the design of solar collectors, room ventilation systems and electronic cooling systems.

Natural convection in a rectangular enclosure filled by two immiscible fluids of air and Al2O3-water nanofluid heated partially from side walls

Abstract: This article presents numerical simulation results of natural convection of two immiscible gas/liquid fluids, air and Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid, within a rectangular enclosure which was heated partially from side walls. The finite volume approach is used to solve the governing equations of momentum and energy. The SIMPLE algorithm is used to correlate between the velocity and pressure fields and satisfying the continuity equation. After validating the numerical method, the variations of the solid volume fraction of the nanofluid (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.2), the Rayleigh number (10 3 ≤ Ra ≤ 10 6 ), the aspect ratio of the enclosure, the heater’s length and locations on side walls were studied in details, while the free surface level of the nanofluid was considered to be constant (H nf = 0.8H). The results show that the interface between two immiscible fluids exerts a different condition within the liquid region especially on the streamlines and the formation of circulating zones in corners.