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Stress concentration

About: Stress concentration is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 23250 publications have been published within this topic receiving 422911 citations.


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31 Dec 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed the concept of notch stress intensity factor and stress criteria for fracture emanating from notches to evaluate the ductile to brittle transition temperature of Charpy specimens.
Abstract: Preface. * 1: Notch effects in fracture and fatigue. 1.1. Notch effects in fracture. 1.2. Notch effects in fatigue. 1.3. Conclusion. * 2: Stress distribution at notch tip. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Elastic stress distribution at notch tip. 2.3. Stress distribution at notch tip for perfectly plastic material. 2.4. Stress distribution for an elastic perfectly plastic material. 2.5. Elastoplastic stress distribution for a strain hardening material. 2.6. Conclusion. * 3: Stress concentration factor. 3.1. Definition of the stress concentration factor. 3.2. Elastoplastic stress and strain concentration factor. 3.3. Relationship between the elastic and elasto-plastic concentration stress and strain concentration factors and the elastic one. 3.4. Evolution of elastic and elasto-plastic stress (or strain) concentration factor with net stress. 3.5. Comparison of evolution with net stress. 3.6. Conclusion. * 4: Concept of notch stress intensity factor and stress criteria for fracture emanating from notches. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Concept of stress intensity factor. 4.3. Concept of notch stress intensity factor. 4.4. Global stress criterion for fracture emanating from notches. 4.5. Local stress criterion for fracture emanating from notches. 4.6. Notch sensitivity in mixed mode fracture. 4.7. Conclusion. * 5: Energy criteria for fracture emanating from notches. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Influence of notch radius on the J integral. 5.3. Influence of notch radius on the z coefficients. 5.4. Local energy criterion for fracture emanating from notches. 5.5. Conclusion. * 6: Strain criteria for fracture emanating from notches. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Critical strain criterion for fracture emanating from notch. 6.3. Strain distribution at the notch tip. 6.4. Notch plastic zone. 6.5. Conclusion. * 7: The use of notch specimens to evaluate the ductile to brittle transition temperature the Charpy impact test. 7.1. History of the Charpy impact test. 7.2. Stress distribution at notch tip of a Charpy specimen. 7.3. Local stress fracture criterion for Charpy V notch specimens. 7.4. Influence of notch geometry on brittle-ductile transition in Charpy tests. 7.5. Instrumented Charpy impact test. 7.6. Equivalence fracture toughness KIc and impact resistance KCV. 7.7. Conclusion. * 8: Notch effects in fatigue. 8.1. Notch effects in fatigue and fatigue strength reduction factor. 8.2. Relation between fatigue strength reduction factor and stress concentration factor. 8.3. Volumetric approach. 8.4. Influence of loading mode. 8.5. Notch effects in low cycle fatigue. 8.6. Conclusion. * 9: Role of stress concentration on fatigue of welded joints. 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. Stress concentration factor in welding cords. 9.3. Fatigue strength reduction factor. 9.4. Standard methods for the design against fatigue of welded components. 9.5. Innovative methods for the design against fatigue of welded joints. 9.6.

96 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the fracture surface characteristics of five commercially available amorphous polymers [poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polysulphone (PSF) were studied to determine if common mechanisms of fatigue crack propagation prevail among these glassy polymers.
Abstract: Fatigue fracture surface characteristics of five commercially available amorphous polymers [poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polysulphone (PSF)] as well as bulk-polymerized PMMA prepared over a wide range of molecular weights were studied to determine if common mechanisms of fatigue crack propagation prevail among these glassy polymers. In those polymers with viscosity-average molecular weight ¯Mv≲2×105, the macroscopic appearance of the fracture surface showed the presence of a highly reflective mirror-like region which formed at low values of stress intensity and high cyclic test frequencies (∼100 Hz). The microscopic appearance of this region revealed that many parallel bands exist oriented perpendicular to the direction of crack growth and that the bands increase in size with ΔK. In all instances, the crack front advanced discontinuously in increments equal to the band width after remaining stationary for hundreds of fatigue cycles. Electron fractographic studies verified the discontinuous nature of crack extension through a craze which developed continuously with the load fluctuations. By equating the band size to the Dugdale plastic zone dimension ahead of the crack, a relatively constant yield strength was inferred which agreed well with reported craze stress values for each material. At higher stress intensity levels in all polymers and all values of ¯Mv, another series of parallel bands were observed. These were also oriented perpendicular to the direction of crack growth and likewise increased in size with the range in stress intensity factor, ΔK. Each band corresponded to the incremental advance of the crack during one load cycle, indicating these markings to be classical fatigue striations.

96 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between the area of the crack face and fatigue crack growth behavior was investigated, and it was shown that the change in area can be predicted by assuming the extension of crack front based on evaluated stress intensity factor at each position along the front.

96 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the phase transformation accompanied by diffusion can be induced by application of stress of the order of 100 MPa. This new type of stress-induced phase transformation can decrease the β transus temperature by more than 100 K. The phase equilibrium under stressed condition was calculated by increasing the Gibbs energy of the α phase by 500 J/mol relative to that of the β phase.

96 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Load-free notch surfaces of bodies made of a linear-elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material are optimized within given variation domains by means of an interation procedure so that the occurring maximum tangential stress is reduced to a minimum as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Load-free notch surfaces of bodies made of a linear-elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material are optimized within given variation domains by means of an interation procedure so that the occurring maximum tangential stress is reduced to a minimum. The hypothesis of a constant tangential stress distribution for obtaining minimal notch stresses proposed by R. V. Baud has been confirmed by means of the Fade-away Law of the notch stress theory. The finite element method is applied for calculating the displacement and stress field of the styructure. An increment procedure is used for determing the displacement field after every iteration step, which permits the calculation of the displacement quantities with sufficient accuracy in a single step. Numerical solutions and their comparison with analytical solutions and stress results obtained with the aid of photo-elasticity confirm the usefulness of this procedure. The known optimization methods1,2 differ from those used in the present paper.

96 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202373
2022220
2021628
2020642
2019608
2018581