Stress corrosion cracking

About: Stress corrosion cracking is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11340 publications have been published within this topic receiving 138157 citations.

Corrosion of Metals: Physicochemical Principles and Current Problems

Abstract: 1 Introduction.- References.- 2 Corrosion Reactions and Corrosion Products.- References.- 3 Chemical Thermodynamics of Corrosion.- 3.1 Outline of Fundamentals.- 3.2 Calculating Gibbs Energies for Overall Reactions.- 3.3 Equilibrium Galvanic Cells.- 3.4 Galvanic Cells with Transference.- 3.5 More on Equilibrium Electrode Potentials.- 3.6 Calculating Elevated-Temperature Gibbs Energies.- References.- 4 The Electrolytic Mechanism of Corrosion.- 4.1 Overview.- 4.2 Reactions, Currents, and Potentials in Galvanic Cells.- 4.3 Measuring Current-Potential Curves.- 4.4 Uniform Corrosion: The Work of Wagner and Traud.- References.- 5 The Kinetics of Electrode Reactions.- 5.1 Hydrogen Deposition and Hydrogen lonisation.- 5.2 Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution.- 5.3 Metal Dissolution and Metal Deposition.- 5.4 Closer Inspection of the Electrical Double Layer.- References.- 6 Uniform Electrolytic Corrosion.- 6.1 Acid and Neutral Solutions.- 6.2 Neutral and Alkaline Solutions.- 6.3 The Dependence of Corrosion Rates on Temperature.- References.- 7 Adsorption Inhibitors of Acid Iron Corrosion.- References.- 8 Corrosion of Homogeneous Alloys.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Uniform Dissolution.- 8.3 Selective Dissolution and Dealloying.- 8.4 Dealloying of Hume-Rothery Phases and of Martensites.- References.- 9 Rusting of Iron and Steel.- References.- 10 Passivity.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Iron in Acid Solutions.- 10.3 Iron in Weakly Acid, Neutral, and Alkaline Solutions.- 10.4 Chromium and Iron-Chromium Steels.- 10.5 Nickel, Molybdenum, and Stainless Steels.- 10.6 Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys.- 10.7 Semiconducting Oxide Films, Spontaneous Passivation, and Passivating Inhibitors.- 10.8 Titanium, Aluminum.- 10.9 Zinc, Magnesium.- 10.10 Oxide Films on Steels in High-Temperature Aqueous Solutions.- References.- 11 Galvanic Corrosion Cells.- 11.1 Dissimilar Metal Contact Corrosion.- 11.1.1 Introduction.- 11.1.2 Cells with Homogeneous Distribution of Current and Potential.- 11.1.3 Contact Corrosion Cells with Coplanar Electrodes.- 11.2 Differential Aeration Cells.- 11.3 Modeling Concentration Fields in Galvanic Cells.- References.- 12 Pitting Corrosion.- 12.1 General Aspects.- 12.2 Breakdown of Passivity and Pit Nucleation.- 12.3 Growth of Pit Nuclei.- 12.4 More on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys.- 12.4.1 Weakly Alkaline Solutions.- 12.4.2 Neutral and Acid Solutions.- 12.4.3 The Nature of the Pitting Potential.- 12.5 More on Iron, Nickel, and Stainless Steel.- 12.6 A Note on Crevice Corrosion.- References.- 13 Intercrystalline and Intracrystalline Corrosion.- References.- 14 Hydrogen Embrittlement.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 HIC by High-Activity Hydrogen in Low Strength Steels.- 14.3 HISCC by Low-Activity Hydrogen in High-Strength Steels.- References.- 15 Stress Corrosion Cracking.- 15.1 General Aspects.- 15.1.1 Introduction.- 15.1.2 Typical Results of SCC Testing.- 15.1.3 Modeling Stress Corrosion Mechanisms.- 15.2 Iron and Steels.- 15.2.1 Hydrogen-Induced SCC in High-Strength Steels.- 15.2.2 SCC of Mild Steel in Alkaline, Carbonate, and Nitrate Solutions.- 15.2.3 Stainless Steels.- 15.2.4 SCC in High-Temperature, High-Pressure Water.- 15.3 Titanium and Titanium Alloys.- 15.4 Precipitation Hardening Aluminum Alloys.- 15.5 General Aspects Continued.- References.- 16 Corrosion Fatigue.- 16.1 General Aspects.- 16.2 The Fracture Mechanical Approach.- References.- 17 Appendix.- 17.1 Anodic and Cathodic Protection.- References.- 17.2 Mass Transport by Diffusion.- References.- 17.3 Applications of Fracture Mechanics.- References.- 17.4 Electrode Impedance Spectroscopy.- 17.4.1 Introduction.- 17.4.2 The Basic Equivalent Circuit.- 17.4.3 Real Electrode Impedances.- 17.4.4 Laplace and Fourier Transforms.- 17.4.5 Adsorption and Relaxation Impedance.- 17.4.6 Filmed and Coated Electrodes.- 17.4.7 Some Recent Contributions.- References.- 17.5 Electrode Noise Spectroscopy.- References.

Fracture Mechanics of Rocks

Abstract: This paper reviews recent studies on (1) AE (acoustic emission) and cracking models, (2) failure processes and (3) frictional sliding processes, mainly based on work carried out in Japan Techniques for AE data acquisition and hypocenter location have been greatly improved; one system can record twenty-one channels of waveforms and can locate the AE hypocenter automatically Another system can also record the occurrence time and the maximum amplitude of the AE event without dead time On the basis of these data, we are able to discuss the relation between the distribution of the hypocenters, the occurrence intervals, and the experimentally controlled physical parameters For this purpose, many studies have tried to develop quantitative expression for the statistical characters of these distributions Techniques for evaluating AE source parameters are still being developed; and there has been a great deal of improvement in our knowledge about cracking mode of AE The focal mechanisms have been systematically studied based on the space distributions of the initial motion directions The studies showed that shear type cracking becomes dominant with increasing axial stress These mechanism solutions agree well with the local stress field suggested by the fracture plane Increasing of the failure strength of rocks with increasing stress and strain rates under relatively low confining pressure has been studied experimentally The failure process and the rate dependency of the fracture strength in the low pressure regime are discussed on the basis of a stress corrosion cracking model The failure mechanism under higher confining pressures of up to 3GPa is also examined Some behavior including the variation of AE activity with axial stress differs between low and high confining pressures although the stress-strain relations clearly show brittle deformation in both regimes On the basis of these differences, the researchers proposed that 'high-pressure' brittle deformation was different from ordinarily observed brittle behavior at low pressure, and examined the failure micromechanisms through an optical and an electron microscopes Frictional sliding has also been intensively examined in the past decade Experiments using large samples have demonstrated that the slip propagation process is well described by a slip-weakening model The relations between the dynamic parameters of slip propagation process and the physical parameters of slip surfaces is becoming clearer

Observations of Facet Formation in Near-α Titanium and Comments on the Role of Hydrogen

Abstract: Faceted features are frequently observed on the fracture surfaces of titanium alloys that have failed by static loading, continuous cycling, dwell fatigue loading, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Although the facets formed under different loading conditions seem qualitatively similar, there are significant differences in the spatial and crystallographic orientations of the facets as well as subtle differences in facet surface topography. The current study compares and contrasts facets for various loading conditions (cyclic, creep, SCC, and dwell) in the Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy with the primary motivation being to understand the mechanisms of crack initiation and faceted growth during dwell fatigue. The spatial and crystallographic orientations of the facets were determined using quantitative tilt fractography and electron backscatter diffraction, whereas facet topography was examined using ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Collectively, the experimental observations suggest that hydrogen may play an important role in facet formation and accelerating small crack growth rates during dwell fatigue loading.